write a breif summary of the book gitanjali by rabindranath tagore
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Answer: Rabindranath’s Gitanjali is originally written in Bengali language. The English Gitanjali or Song Offerings is a collection of 103 English poems of Tagore’s own English translations. The word Gitanjali is composed out of git+ anjali. Git means song, and anjali means offering, thus it’s meant as “Song offerings”. The publication of the English version of Gitanjali paved Tagore a way to the world of English literature. It was in 1912 he published the Gitanjali and in 1913 he was awarded the Nobel Prize by Swedish academy.
Rabindranath Tagore is primarily and pre-eminently a lyric poet. KRS Iyengar says “He wrote the largest number of lyrics ever attended by any poet”. Tagore composed about 2000 lyrics of incomparable beauty and sweetness. Its lyrics are both rich in content and form and they are noticeable for the exquisite blending of the harmony of thoughts, feelings and melody of world.
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Gitanjali Song Offerings is a collection of 103 prose poems, selected by Tagore from among his Bengali poems and translated by him into English. The collection brought Tagore international attention and won him the Nobel Prize in Literature. Although Tagore later published more than twenty additional volumes of his poetry in English translation, Gitanjali Song Offerings remained one of his most beloved works.
Western readers immediately noted similarities between Gitanjali Song Offerings and the biblical Song of Songs, which most theologians insist deals not with a human union but with Christ’s love for his church. Though Gitanjali Song Offerings also is filled with sensual imagery, there is no doubt that Tagore’s subject is the relationship between a human being and the divine. When Tagore mentioned his admiration for Vaishnava poetry in an essay published in 1912, undoubtedly he had in mind the Gita Govinda, a long poem written in the twelfth century by the Bengali poet Sri Jayadev, which Westerners have often called the Indian Song of Songs. The Gita Govinda shows the god Vishnu, in his incarnation as Krishna, in passionate pursuit of the cowgirl Radha. Since Vaishnavism, or the worship of this very human god, was especially popular in Bengal, Bengali poets often wrote about Krishna’s love for Radha. Though Tagore himself, reared a theist, did not adhere to Vaishnavism, he drew upon the Vaishnava tradition for his imagery because he saw the many similarities between the pursuit of a lover and a human being’s pursuit of the divine or the reverse. The Vaishnava tradition also accounts for variations in the poetic voice. Sometimes, as in numbers 49 and 52, the speaker seems to be a woman like Radha, a beggar maid waiting for her king; at other times, the poet is clearly a male, desirous of union with the divine.
Though Gitanjali Song Offerings is a collection, not a single narrative, it does have a certain unity. All of the poems are devotional in nature, and they all have the tender tone of conventional love poems. There are also several motifs or subordinate themes that are repeated and recombined throughout the collection. In the first three poems, for example, the writer emphasizes his smallness and his helplessness before his lord. Then the emphasis shifts to what is expected of the writer: He must live a life of truth, purity, and simplicity, thus reflecting the nature of the divinity he serves. However, in several poems, including number 73, the poet maintains that union with the divine does not mean renunciation of the senses but a fuller appreciation of what they reveal, notably the beauties of the natural world.
Though in number 35, the writer asks that his country be led toward reason and freedom, usually the prayers are personal. Naturally, the mood may shift: Though many are poems of praise and joy, some speak of the writer’s desperate longing for the beloved, and others express feelings of abandonment. Toward the end of the volume, the writer turns to the subject of time, and finally, he anticipates his own death. Gitanjali Song Offerings ends on a note of triumph, with the poet finally united with his beloved God.
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