Question

write a newspaper report on:- a) the Jallianwala bagh massacre. b) the Simon commission​

Answer 1

Answer:

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, Jallianwala also spelled Jallianwalla, also called Massacre of Amritsar, incident on April 13, 1919, in which British troops fired on a large crowd of unarmed Indians in an open space known as the Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar in the Punjab region (now in Punjab state) of India, killing several hundred people and wounding many hundreds more. It marked a turning point in India’s modern history, in that it left a permanent scar on Indo-British relations and was the prelude to Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi’s full commitment to the cause of Indian nationalism and independence from Britain.

Simon Commission, group appointed in November 1927 by the British Conservative government under Stanley Baldwin to report on the working of the Indian constitution established by the Government of India Act of 1919. The commission consisted of seven members—four Conservatives, two Labourites, and one Liberal—under the joint chairmanship of the distinguished Liberal lawyer, Sir John Simon, and Clement Attlee, the future prime minister. Its composition met with a storm of criticism in India because Indians were excluded. The commission was boycotted by the Indian National Congress and most other Indian political parties. It, nevertheless, published a two-volume report, mainly the work of Simon.

Regarded as a classic state document, the report proposed provincial autonomy in India but rejected parliamentary responsibility at the centre. It accepted the idea of federalism and sought to retain direct contact between the British crown and the Indian states. Before its publication its conclusions had been outdated by the declaration of October 1929, which stated that dominion status was to be the goal of Indian constitutional developm

Answer 2

Explanation:

(a) The Jallianwala Bagh massacre- On 13th April, 1919, a public meeting was announced, at Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar to protest against the Rowlatt Act. The people were allowed to assemble there. Thousands of people gathered in the Jallianwala Bagh. Suddenly, General Dyer marched there with armoured troops. They blocked the exit points from the Bagh and opened fire upon the innocent citizens. Hundreds of innocent people including women and children were killed on this day. Dyer’s purpose in doing so was to ‘produce a moral effect’ and terrorise the Satyagrahis. This massacre of innocent people in thousands led to large scale strikes, clashes with police and attacks on government buildings by the enraged Indian people.

(b) The Simon Commission was appointed in India in 1928. This commission consisted of seven members and its Chairman was Sir John Simon. The objective of the Commission was to look into the functioning of the constitutional system in India and suggest some constitutional changes. But nationalists in India opposed the Commission because it had no Indian member. The Congress and the Muslim League jointly demonstrated against it. When the Simon Commission arrived in India, it was greeted with the slogan “Go Back Simon