write a note on darmada Bachaus Andholan
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Answer:
Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA) is an Indian social movement spearheaded by native tribals (adivasis), farmers, environmentalists and human rights activists against a number of large dam projects across the Narmada River, which flows through the states of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. Sardar Sarovar Dam in Gujarat is one of the biggest dams on the river and was one of the first focal points of the movement. It is part of the Narmada Dam Project, whose main aim is to provide irrigation and electricity to people of the above states.
The mode of campaign under NBA includes court actions, hunger strikes, rallies and gathering support from notable film and art personalities. The NBA, with its leading spokespersons Medha Patkar and Baba Amte, received the Right Livelihood Award in 1991.
Explanation:
After India's independence in 1947, under the newly formed government headed by Jawaharlal Nehru, investigations were carried out to evaluate mechanisms for using water from the Narmada River,[2] which flows into the Arabian Sea after passing through the states of Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat. The formation of the Narmada Water Disputes Tribunal was triggered by interstate differences in implementing schemes and sharing of water by the Government of India on 6 October 1969 to adjudicate over the disputes.[3] The tribunal investigated the matters referred to it and responded after more than 10 years. The Narmada Tribunal aimed to set out conditions regarding the resettlement and rehabilitation of those displaced by the dams.[4] On 12 December 1979, after ten years of investigation, the decision as given by the tribunal, with all the parties at dispute binding to it, was released by the Indian government.[3]
As per the tribunal's decision, 30 major, 135 medium, and 3000 small dams, were granted approval for construction, including raising the height of the Sardar Sarovar dam.[3] This decision was motivated by the assumption that it would provide water to around forty million people, irrigation, and electricity to people in the region.[5] Thus, the construction began.
Through Patkar's channel of communication between the government and the residents, she provided critiques to the project authorities and the governments involved. At the same time, her group realized that all those displaced were given compensation only for the immediate standing crop and not for displacement and rehabilitation.[9]
The Narmada Bachao Andolan NBA which translates as Save the Narmada Movement kicked off around 1985 as a protest against the construction of the Sardar Sarovar Dam on the River Narmada in Gujarat. The movement soon took the shape of a Non governmental Organization or NGO that brought together the tribal the farmers the environmental activists and the human rights activists against the Sardar Sarovar Dam that was being built on the River Narmada in Gujarat a western State of India.Initially the focus of the movement was on saving the trees and the fauna that those opposing the dam felt would be submerged under the water if the dam would be constructed.The activities of NBA use peaceful methods to stage their protests and demonstrations. These include hunger strikes garnering support of celebrities from the art and the film world and other such methods. The leading activists of the movement Medha Patkar and Baba Amte together received the Right to Livelihood Award in 1991 for their contribution to the Narmada Bachao Andolan.The Narmada Bachao Andolan today has support from NGOs world wide. There have been intensive media campaigns and peaceful protests by the protesters. This has also been pressure on the World Bank to withdraw its loan to the Government for the construction of these dams. Protests have been getting stronger with every attempt to ridicule them. Celebrities such as the popular Indian film actor Amir Khan has expressed his support to the protestors and in fact has received much flak for it. In fact the screening of his film Fanaa 2006 was banned in Gujarat as there were fears of those against his stand disrupting the screening of his movie.The intensity of the movement has in fact thrown light on other similar issues as well.
Narmada Bachao Andolan(NBA) is an Indian socialmovement spearheaded by native tribals (adivasis), farmers, environmentalists and human rights activists against a number of large dam projects across theNarmada River, which flows through the states of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.
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