write a note on monosaccharides ?
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Explanation:
Monosaccharides, also called simple sugars
They are the simplest form of sugar and the most basic units of carbohydrates.
The general formula is Cn H₂n On, albeit not all molecules fitting this formula are carbohydrates.
They are usually colorless, water-soluble, and crystalline solids.
✺ Monosaccharides :-✪
⑴ These are simplest sugars having crystalline structure, sweet in taste and soluble in water.
⑵ It cannot be further hydrolysed into simple molecules .
⑶ General formula is - (CH₂O)n.
⑷ Depending upon the number of carbon atoms they are classified as:-
- Triose sugar. eg, glyceraldehyde.
- Tetrose sugar. e.g , Erythrose.
- pentose sugar. e.g, Ribose, deoxyribose.
- Hexose sugar. e.g, Glucose.
- Heptose sugar. e.g, Sedoheptulose.
» On the basis of group attached it is divided into two groups -
⒈ Aldose:- If Aldehyde group is attached (-CHO)
Eg, - Glucose, Xylose.
⒉Ketose:- It ketone group is attached (C=O).
Eg, Fructose.
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✿ Note on disaccharides:-✿
⑴ It is formed when two monosaccharides reacts by condensation reaction releasing a water molecules.
⑵ This process requires energy.
⑶ The two monosaccharides units are held together by glycosidic bonds.
eg- Sucrose, lactose, Maltose.
» Reaction:-
C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ + H₂O ➙ C₆H₁₂O₆ + C₆H₁₂O₆