Write a note on pleiotropy.
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Pleiotropy occurs when one gene influences two or more seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. Therefore, a mutation in a pleiotropic gene may have an effect on several traits simultaneously due to the gene coding for a product used by a myriad of cells or different targets that have the same signaling function.
Pleiotropy can arise from several distinct but potentially overlapping mechanisms, such as gene pleiotropy, developmental pleiotropy, and selectional pleiotropy. Gene pleiotropy occurs when a gene product interacts with multiple other proteins or catalyzes multiple reactions. Developmental pleiotropy occurs when mutations have multiple effects on the resulting phenotype. Selectional pleiotropy occurs when the resulting phenotype has many effects on fitness (depending on factors such as age and gender).
Pleiotropy can arise from several distinct but potentially overlapping mechanisms, such as gene pleiotropy, developmental pleiotropy, and selectional pleiotropy. Gene pleiotropy occurs when a gene product interacts with multiple other proteins or catalyzes multiple reactions. Developmental pleiotropy occurs when mutations have multiple effects on the resulting phenotype. Selectional pleiotropy occurs when the resulting phenotype has many effects on fitness (depending on factors such as age and gender).
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Pleiotropy.
Explanation:
The term pleiotropy refers to the effect of a single gene on more than one character. This happens because most of the biochemical pathway in living organisms are interconnected. Products and intermediates of one pathway may be used in several other processes. Hence the phenotype expression of gene usually effects more than one trait.
Several examples exist that show pleiotropic effect of gene, for example a white eye gene in Drosophila also effects the shape of organ in females responsible for storage of sperm as well as other structure.Similarly, Sickle cell gene produces pleiotropic effects and the individual faces several other problems.
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