Question

Write a note on types of farming and jhum cultivation

Answer 1

Farming Systems in India are strategically utilised, according to the locations where they are most suitable. The farming systems that significantly contribute to the agriculture of India are subsistence farming, organic farming, industrial farming.[1] Regions throughout India differ in types of farming they use; some are based on horticulture, ley farming, agroforestry, and many more.[1] Due to India's geographical location, certain parts experience different climates, thus affecting each region's agricultural productivity differently. India is very dependent on its monsoon cycle for large crop yields. India's agriculture has an extensive background which goes back to at least 10 thousand years. Currently the country holds the second position in agricultural production in the world. In 2007, agriculture and other industries made up more than 16% of India's GDP. Despite the steady decline in agriculture's contribution to the country's GDP, agriculture is the biggest industry in the country and plays a key role in the socioeconomic growth of the country. India is the second biggest producer of wheat, rice, cotton, sugarcane, silk, groundnuts, and dozens more. It is also the second biggest harvester of vegetables and fruit, representing 8.6% and 10.9% of overall production, respectively. The major fruits produced by India are mangoes, papayas, sapota, and bananas. India also has the biggest number of livestock in the world, holding 281 million. In 2008, the country housed the second largest number of cattle in the world with 175 million.[2] Shifting cultivation in India is known as jhum in Assam, punam krishi is Kerala, podu in Andhra Pradesh and Orissa, bewar, mashan, penda and beera in different parts of Madhya Pradesh. Shifting cultivation is practiced by tribal people. About 20 lakhs hectares of forests are cleared every year by felling and burning the trees and shrubs. These clearings are cultivated under very crude and extravagant methods for 2-3 years and then abandoned when fertility dwindles or soil erosion makes it unfit or forests reappear.

Answer 2

HERE IS YOUR ANS↓

TYPES OF FARMING

1) INTENSIVE SUBSISTENCE FARMING

★Done in areas of high population

★Labour intensive

★Use of high dose of bio- chemical inputs

2)PRIMITIVE SUBSISTANCE FARMING

★Depend on monsoon rain

★Small patches of land

★Use primitive tools

3)COMMERCIAL FARMING

★Use modern inputs— HYV seeds,chemicals,fertilizers,insecticides and pesticides

★To obtain higher productivity

★Plantations- a type of commercial farming

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→NOTE ON JHUMMING CULTIVATION

Clear a patch of forest land and produce crops, when the soil fertility decreases the farmers shifts and clear another patch of land, known as JHUMMING CULTIVATION. it is also known as slash and burn agriculture.
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