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Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh, abbreviated as RSS (Rāṣṭrīya Svayamsēvaka Saṅgha; IPA: [rɑːʂˈʈriːj(ə) swəjəmˈseːvək ˈsəŋɡʱ], lit. "National Volunteer Organisation"[13] or "National Patriotic Organisation"[14]), is an Indian right-wing, Hindu nationalist, paramilitary volunteer organisation that is widely regarded as the parent organisation of the ruling party of India, the Bharatiya Janata Party.[4][1][5][15] The RSS is one of the principal organizations of the Sangh Parivar group.
Founded on 27 September 1925, and claiming a commitment to selfless service to India.[16] The organisation is the world's largest voluntary missionary organization.[17]
The initial impetus was to provide character training through Hindu discipline and to unite the Hindu community to form a Hindu Rashtra (Hindu nation).[18][19] The organisation promotes the ideals of upholding Indian culture and the values of a civil society and propogates the ideology of Hindutva, to "strengthen" the majority Hindu community.[20][8] It drew initial inspiration from European right-wing groups during World War II.[19] Gradually, RSS grew into a prominent Hindu nationalist umbrella organisation, spawning several affiliated organisations that established numerous schools, charities, and clubs to spread its ideological beliefs.[19]
The RSS was banned once during British rule,[19] and then thrice by the post-independence Indian government – first in 1948 when a former RSS member[21] assassinated Mahatma Gandhi;[19][22][23] then during the emergency (1975–77); and for a third time after the demolition of Babri Masjid in 1992.