- Write a paragraph in your own words on each of the following.
(a) Preparation of soil
(b) Sowing
(c) Weeding
(d) Threshing
Answers
(a) Preparation of soil: Soil is prepared before sowing the seeds. The soil is loosened to increase the absorption of water and manures. Loosening of soil particles adds humus and nutrients in the soil that increases crop yields. Tilling or loosening the soil is done by ploughs which are pulled by a pair of bulls.
(b) Sowing: The process of scattering seeds in the ground soil for growing the crop plants is called sowing.
(c) Weeding: The unwanted plants which grow along with a cultivated crop are called weed. The type of weed vary from field to field, crop to crop, season to season. For Ex: Wild oat, grass, Amaranthus, Chenopodium etc. The process of removing weeds from a crop field is called weeding.
(d) Threshing: Threshing is the process of separation of grain from the stalk on which it develops and from the chaff or unit that covers it. In the process, the edible part of the crop is loosened but not the fiber part. It is done after harvesting and before winnowing.
(a) Preparation of soil
Preparation of soil is the first step before growing of crop. It helps to turn the soil and loosen it to allow the roots to penetrate deep into it. The loosening of the soil helps in the growth of several soil microbes, earthworms etc., which enrich the soil with humus and other essential nutrients. The process of turning and loosening is called ploughing. This is done using a plough, hoe and cultivators.Since only a few centimeters of the top layer of soil supports plant growth, turning and loosening of soil brings the nutrient-rich soil to the top so that plants can use these nutrients. Thus, turning and loosening of soil is very important for the cultivation of the crop.
The process of loosening and turning of the soil is called tilling or ploughing. This is done by using a plough.
b) Sowing
Sowing is the process of putting the seeds into the soil for growing crops. We need to use quality seeds for sowing. Sowing is done manually using mechanical equipment like Seed Drill. Seeds of few plants like rice are first grown in a separate area and then transplanted in the fields.
(c) Weeding
In a field many other undesirable plants may grow along with the crop. These undesirable plants are called weeds. Farmers use many ways to remove weeds. Methods to control weeds are: tilling before sowing of crops, physical removal of weeds by uprooting or cutting them close to the ground, using certain chemicals called weedicides etc.Weeds are unwanted and uncultivated plants that grow with crops and compete with crops for nutrients and can also cause crop toxification. Wedding is the removal of weeds and is mostly done before flowering begins in crop plants. It is done using a trowel, harrow or weedicides.
d) Threshing
Threshing is the process of separating grains or seeds from chaff. It is done after harvesting the crop. It is usually carried out with the help of a machine known as ‘Combine’. This machine is a combined harvester and thresher. It harvests plants as well as cleans grains.Threshing is one of the harvesting technique by which grains are separated from the harvested crop. Manual threshing includes the beating of harvested crops on the hard platform followed by making bullocks to walk on it to facilitate separation of seeds and hay. Hay is cut into small pieces and is fed to cattle. For the purpose, nowadays, a thresher or combine is used.
Hope this will help you in your understanding.
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