Write a short note on: -
1) The Boycott and Swadeshi Movements.
Answers
Answer:
Launched in the early 20th century, the Swadeshi movement was a direct consequence of the British India government's decision to partition Bengal. The two main goals of this movement were the use of Swadeshi goods and the boycott of foreign-made goods.
Explanation:
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Answer:
Launched in the early 20th century, the Swadeshi movement was a direct consequence of the British India government's decision to partition Bengal. The two main goals of this movement were the use of Swadeshi goods and the boycott of foreign-made goods. In this post, we will learn in detail about the facts and significance of the movements of swadeshi and boycott.
Partition of Bengal
The decision to divide Bengal was Governor General Lord Curzon's decision. In Risley's words, India's Home Secretary to Government
“Bengal united is power, Bengal divided, will pull (in) several different ways.”
Although it was confirmed that Bengal is being linguistically divided as it has become administratively unfavorable but the real, and hidden agenda was to divide the Bengali - speaking population on the basis of religion.
The province of Bengal had a population of almost 78.5 million. It consisted of a Hindu majority in West Bengal and a Muslim majority in East Bengal and Assam. It included Bihar's Hindi - speaking regions, Odisha's Odia - speaking regions, and Assam's Assamese - speaking region, making it an enormous administrative entity.
Bengal's former province was divided into two new provinces "Bengal" (including West Bengal as well as the province of Bihar and Orissa) and East Bengal and Assam with Dacca as the latter's capital.
The division of the state was intended to curb the influence of Bengali not only by placing Bengali under two administrations but also by reducing it to a minority in Bengal itself, as in the new proposal Bengal would have 17 million Bengali and 37 million Odia and Hindi speakers. Also, as mentioned earlier, the partition was intended to foster a different kind of division, this time based on religion.
Bengal's partition came into effect on October 16, 1905.
This decision to divide Bengal resulted in resentment among the Bengali intelligentsia who clearly saw dividing Indians into communal lines through the British ploy.
Before the Swadeshi movement was launched, petitions, speeches, memoranda, public meetings, and press campaigns were the main form of protest techniques adopted by moderate nationalist leaders. However, the main moderate leaders such as Surendranath Banerjea, Krishna Kumar Mitra and others realized that the usual moderate methods of protest were not working and that there was a need for something larger in scope with a different strategy.
Facts About the Swadeshi and Boycott Movements
A Boycott Resolution was passed in Calcutta City Hall on August 7, 1905, where it was decided to boycott the use of Manchester cloth and salt from Liverpool. In the district of Barisal, the masses adopted this message of boycott of foreign-made goods, and the value of the British cloth sold there fell sharply.
Bande Mataram became the boycott and Swadeshi movement theme song.
Among the movement's various forms of struggle, it was the boycott of foreign-made goods that encountered the greatest visible success on the practical and popular level. Boycott and public burning of foreign clothes, picketing of shops selling foreign goods, all became common in remote corners of Bengal as well as in many major cities and towns across the country.
Another form of mass mobilization widely used by the Swadeshi movement was the corps of volunteers (samitis). Ashwini Kumar Dutt, a school teacher, set up the Swadesh Bandhab Samiti in Barisal was the best - known volunteer organization of all of them.
The Shivaji and Ganapati festivals in Western India (Maharashtra) were organized by Lokmanya Tilak to spread the swadeshi message and boycott movements among the masses.
The Swadeshi and boycott movements placed great emphasis on ' Atmasakti ' or self - reliance as a means of reasserting national dignity in different fields.
In the field of national education, this emphasis on self - reliance was most evident. The National College of Bengal was founded as its principal with Aurobindo. Numerous national schools have been established throughout the country in a short period of time. The National Education Council was established in August 1906.
In Indians entrepreneurial zeal, self - reliance was also evident. The period saw an explosion of textile mills, factories of soap and match, tanneries, banks, insurance companies, shops, etc. While most of these Swadeshi companies were set up and run as a result of patriotic fervor than any real business interest and were unable to survive for a long time, some others like Acharya P.C. Ray
In the field of culture, Amar Sonar Bangla, written by Rabindranath Tagore in protest against Bengal's partition, became a rallying point for the Swadeshi and boycott movements and later inspired Bangladesh's liberation struggle.