write a short note on deficiency diseases
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deficiency diseases are caused by some lack or deficient of many minerals vitamins ....this are not communal diseases
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Some are due predominantly to deficiency of protein and are collectively called Kwashiorkor, a West African word meaning “red-haired boy”. Others are mainly due to a severe deficiency of overall foodstuffs and are called Marasmus.
In Kwashiorkor, the child is typically listless, apathetic, whining, with a reddish discoloration of the hair, a peeling, scaly skin, and with much extra fluid in his tissues causing oedema. In Marasmus, the child is ravenously hungry.
He is extremely thin and “starved”. There is muscle degeneration, thinning of limbs and abdominal wall; the ribs become prominent. Children below the age of one year are prone to this disease if breast feeding is replaced by a diet that is low in protein and calories.
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Vitamin Deficiencies also give rise to specific disorders. Beri-beri is a group of diseases usually found in areas where a diet of polished rice results in a poor intake of vitamin B, (thiamine). In one form there is oedema; in another, the peripheral nerves are affected leading to tingling and numbness.
A similar condition is occasionally seen in alcoholics and diabetics. Pellagra is found among maize-eating populations and is due to a deficiency of several vitamins including niacin. There is dermatitis on exposed skin, and soreness of the mouth and tongue, with gastro- enteritis. Scurvy is due to vitamin C deficiency.
In Kwashiorkor, the child is typically listless, apathetic, whining, with a reddish discoloration of the hair, a peeling, scaly skin, and with much extra fluid in his tissues causing oedema. In Marasmus, the child is ravenously hungry.
He is extremely thin and “starved”. There is muscle degeneration, thinning of limbs and abdominal wall; the ribs become prominent. Children below the age of one year are prone to this disease if breast feeding is replaced by a diet that is low in protein and calories.
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Vitamin Deficiencies also give rise to specific disorders. Beri-beri is a group of diseases usually found in areas where a diet of polished rice results in a poor intake of vitamin B, (thiamine). In one form there is oedema; in another, the peripheral nerves are affected leading to tingling and numbness.
A similar condition is occasionally seen in alcoholics and diabetics. Pellagra is found among maize-eating populations and is due to a deficiency of several vitamins including niacin. There is dermatitis on exposed skin, and soreness of the mouth and tongue, with gastro- enteritis. Scurvy is due to vitamin C deficiency.
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