write a short note on khilafat and non cooperation movement
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Khilafat movement
The Khilafat movement, also known as the Indian Muslim movement (1919–24), was a pan-Islamist political protest campaign launched by Muslims of British India led by Shaukat Ali, Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar, Hakim Ajmal Khan,[1][2] and Abul Kalam Azad[3] to restore the caliph of the Ottoman Caliphate, who was considered the leader of Sunni Muslims, as an effective political authority. It was a protest against the sanctions placed on the caliph and the Ottoman Empire after the First World War by the Treaty of Sèvres.
The movement collapsed by late 1922 when Turkey gained a more favourable diplomatic position and moved towards secularism. By 1924 Turkey simply abolished the role of caliph.[6]
Non cooperation movement
The Non-cooperation movement was launched on 5th September, 1920 by Mahatma Gandhi with the aim of self-governance and obtaining full independence as the Indian National Congress (INC) withdraw its support for British reforms following the Rowlatt Act of 20 March 1919, and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre of 13 April 1919.[1][2]
The Rowlatt Act in March 1919, suspended the rights of defendants in sedition trials,[1] was seen as a "political awakening" by Indians and as a "threat" by the British.[3] Although it was never invoked and declared void just a few years later,[2] the Act motivated Gandhi to conceive the idea of satyagraha (truth), which he saw as synonymous with independence. This idea was also authorised the following month by Jawaharlal Nehru, for who the massacre also endorsed “the conviction that nothing short of independence was acceptable”.[1]
Gandhi's planning of the non-cooperation movement included persuading all Indians to withdraw their labour from any activity that "sustained the British government and economy in India",[4] including British industries and educational institutions.[4] In addition to promoting “self-reliance” by spinning khadi, buying Indian-made goods only and doing away with English clothes, Gandhi ‘s non-cooperation movement called for the restoration of the Khilafat in Turkey and the end to untouchability. The resulting public held meetings and strikes (hartals) led to the first arrests of both Jawaharlal Nehru and his father, Motilal Nehru, on 6 December 1921.[5]
Answer:
khilafat movement - Also known as Indian Muslim movement was Islamic political protest campaign launched by Indian Muslim in 1919.
this movement was lead by the shaukat ali,
mualana mohammad ali jahur etc.
To restore ottoman caliphate.
non cooperation movement - This movement was launched By mahatma Gandhi in on 5 September 1920. the aim was to boycott british by not using using things manufactured by Britishers.
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