Write a short note on Pharmacotherapy of glaucoma. (Pharmacology - ll)
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Glaucoma is a group of diseases involving the optic nerve and associated structures, which is characterized by progressive visual field loss and typical changes of the optic nerve head (ONH). The only known treatment of the disease is reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) …
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Glaucoma is a group of diseases involving the optic nerve and associated structures, which is characterized by progressive visual field loss and typical changes of the optic nerve head (ONH). The only known treatment of the disease is reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP), which has been shown to reduce glaucoma progression in a variety of large-scale clinical trials. Nowadays, a relatively wide array of topical antiglaucoma drugs is available, including prostaglandin analogues, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, beta-receptor antagonists, adrenergic agonists, and parasympathomimetics. In clinical routine, this allows for individualized treatment taking risk factors, efficacy, and safety into account. A major challenge is related to adherence to therapy. Sustained release devices may help minimize this problem but are not yet available for clinical routine use. Another hope arises from non-IOP-related treatment concepts. In recent years, much knowledge has been gained regarding the molecular mechanisms that underlie the disease process in glaucoma. This also strengthens the hope that glaucoma therapy beyond IOP lowering will become available. Implementing this concept with clinical trials remains, however, a challenge.
Background
Glaucoma refers to a group of multifactorial optical neuropathies associated with progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), leading to a characteristic pattern of visual field loss.1 Although there is general agreement that increased intraocular pressure (IOP) is the most important risk factor for onset and progression of the disease, it is, by far, not the only risk factor.2 IOP reduction remains the mainstay of glaucoma therapy. The review gives an overview of the current status of pharmacotherapy of glaucoma, a short outlook on future therapies on the horizon and discusses some of the challenges in translating such strategies into clinical application
Background
Glaucoma refers to a group of multifactorial optical neuropathies associated with progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), leading to a characteristic pattern of visual field loss.1 Although there is general agreement that increased intraocular pressure (IOP) is the most important risk factor for onset and progression of the disease, it is, by far, not the only risk factor.2 IOP reduction remains the mainstay of glaucoma therapy. The review gives an overview of the current status of pharmacotherapy of glaucoma, a short outlook on future therapies on the horizon and discusses some of the challenges in translating such strategies into clinical application
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