write a short note on universalization of education of india?
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Answer:
Universalisation of Elementary Education in India!
Universalisation of Elementary Education (UEE) has been accepted as a national goal in India. Central and State governments are making strenuous efforts to achieve this goal.
As a result of these efforts, 94 per cent of the country’s rural population has primary schools (grade I-V) within one km and 85 per cent of rural population has upper primary schools (grade VI – VIII) within a distance of 3 km.
The number of primary schools has gone up by three times, from 2.1 lakh to 6.42 lakh and of upper primary schools by about 15 times from 13,596 to 1.98 lakh during 1950-51 and 1999-2000, respectively. Number of teachers in these schools has also increased from 6.24 lakh m 1950-51 to 32.17 lakh in 1999-2000. Expenditure on education as a whole as percentage of GDP also rose from 0.7 per cent in 1951-52 to 3.74 per cent in 2003-04.
The number of primary schools decreased from 6.64 lakh in 2001-02 to 6.51 lakh in 2002-03, whereas that of upper primary schools increased from 2.20 lakh to 2.45 lakh over the period, indicating up-gradation of a large number of primary schools to upper Primary Schools.The total enrolment at the primary and upper primary levels has witnessed a steady increase. During 2001-02 and 2002-03, the growth rate of enrolment for girls at elementary level was higher than that of boys, Participation of girls at all levels of school education has improved appreciably over the years, but vast disparities amongst the States in gross enrolment ratio (GER) at primary/upper primary levels still persist.
Of the estimated population of 205 million in the age group of 6-14 years on March 1, 2002, nearly 82.5 per cent was enrolled in schools, compared to 82.4 per cent in 2001-02. The retention rate of students at the primary school stage was about 59 per cent (1992-97).
At the primary level, the drop-out rate decreased from 39.0 per cent in 2001-02 to 34.9 per cent in 2002-03, while at the upper primary level, the drop-out rate decreased from 54.6 per cent to 52.8 per cent over the same period.
In spite of the decline over the years, dropout rate still remains very high, especially in the case of girl students, for whom the rates in 2002-03 were 33.7 per cent and 53.5 per cent, at the primary and upper primary levels, respectively.
The number of teachers at the elementary level rose from 3.4 million in 2001-02 to 3.5 million in 2002-03, while the share of female teachers increased from 37.2 per cent to 40 per cent over the same period.
Despite the increase in the number of teachers over the decades, the Pupil Teacher Ratio (PTR) at the primary and upper primary levels has remained more or less constant around 42: 1 and “4: 1 respectively during 2002-03.
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Answer:
Universalisation of Elementary Education (UEE) has been accepted as a national goal in India. Central and State governments are making strenuous efforts to achieve this goal.
As a result of these efforts, 94 per cent of the country’s rural population has primary schools (grade I-V) within one km and 85 per cent of rural population has upper primary schools (grade VI – VIII) within a distance of 3 km.