write a speech on importance of equality in india
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Answer:
For man to strive for equality is reasonable. Man is, elementally, a rational being, and the evolution of equality as a concept is but a natural scheme. It is on account of social consciousness evolving as time progresses, that the modern connotations apropos of the principles of justice, equality, liberty etc. engendered, and the construction whereof changes dynamically in accordance with the demands of a protean society.
An apposite definition of equality in compendious terms would be, “uniform apportionment of resources”. It is of prudence to note the word uniform and not identical. There is an element, therefore, of justice intrinsic to equality. Austere equalization is infelicitous, nay pernicious to society. The realization thereof is synonymous with a communist society, which in the opinion of Immanuel Kant is but a utopian idea. There exists no punctilious division of society into such classes as imagined by Marx. It has been observed that the middle class, as opposed to undergoing effacement, has indeed burgeoned. It may well be proffered that the middle class enjoys a numerical preponderance in neoteric society in contrast with both the upper class and the lower class. Furthermore, the mobility of classes must be taken into consideration. Verily, a person from the lower class can, by means of merit, ascend to the middle class. Consequently, the hypothesized rigidity of class divisions having gainsaid and the mobility of classes established, the notion of identical apportionment must be forsaken.
POLITICAL EQUALITY
A gnomic definition of political equality would be, “equality of rights pertinent to the political sphere accorded to citizens on account of citizenship of a nation-state.” It incorporates rights such as access to political offices to all, universal adult franchise, one man one vote and other civil liberties.
The foundation of political equality is the belief that man is a rational being, on account whereof he has the capacity of political judgment notwithstanding distinctions between men and women. In the later phase political equality came to be identified more with democratic rights such as Freedom of Expression, the Right to Form Associations, to hold political opinion without any fear and other civil liberties.
The state of political equality would, therefore, be prudently examined on both factors: that of universal adult franchise and access to political offices, as well as democratic rights.
Formally, political equality has indeed been established inasmuch as Universal Adult Franchise is taken into consideration. Article 326 of the Constitution deals with the provision thereof, and it states:
The elections to the House of the People and to the Legislative Assembly of every State shall be on the basis of adult suffrage; that is to say, every person who is a citizen of India and who is not less than twenty one years of age on such date as may be fixed in that behalf by or under any law made by the appropriate legislature and is not otherwise disqualified under this constitution or any law made by the appropriate Legislature on the ground of non-residence, unsoundness of mind, crime or corrupt or illegal practice, shall be entitled to be registered as a voter at any such election.
That the Constitution which provides for Universal Adult Suffrage was drafted by a Constituent Assembly that was composed of members elected by restricted franchise is an interesting paradox. It may synoptically be said, however, that the right to vote is equally available to all, the violation whereof is a violation of the principle of equality itself.
It is interesting to note that the countries wherefrom India is said to have incorporated the ideals of liberty, equality and justice, themselves were not holistically so until very late.
Among those educated at the college-level, adivasis or scheduled tribes (as they are constitutionally called), displayed a higher preference for a leader from their own social group (60%). This is six percentage-points lower–lowest among all social groups–than the preference expressed by non-literate adivasis (66%).
Needless to say, such impediments obstruct the smooth functioning of democracy, for the needy may not receive adequate representation in the national legislature.
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Answer:
By equality, we generally mean that all men are equal and all should be entitled to identity of treatment and income. “Men are born, and always continue, free and equal in respect of their rights”. We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal”. But in practical life this is not true. No two men are similar in physical constitution, capacity and temperament.
“The ideal of equality has insisted that men are politically equal, that all citizens are equally entitled to take part in political life, to exercise the franchise, to run for and hold office. It has insisted that individuals should be equal before the law, that when the general law confers rights or imposes duties, the rights and duties shall extend to all; or conversely that they shall not confer special privileges on particular individuals or groups”.
Undoubtedly, it implies fundamentally a leveling process”, says Professor Laski, “It means that no man shall be placed in society that he can overreach his neighbour to the extent which constitutes a denial of the latter’s citizenship”.
All citizens In India enjoy social equality. Untouchability has been abolished and its practice has been forbidden. Previously, the policy of racial discrimination was adopted in the United States of America but Johnson I, Ex-President of U.S.A., established social equality by getting the Bill passed by the Congress.
The policy of racial discrimination is still followed by South Africa. Social inequality still prevails over there. On 10th December, 1948, the U.N.O. declared the charter of human rights which laid stress on social equality. But these rights have been violated by a number of countries in the past according to the report of Amnesty International.Economic Equality is closely related to political equality. Professor Laski underlies the great significance of economic equality. “Political equality is therefore, never real unless it is accompanied with virtual economic liberty; political power otherwise is bound to be the hand-maid of economic power”.
By equality of opportunity and education we mean that all the citizens should be given equal and similar opportunities by the state. All the individuals should have similar chances to receive education. They should have similar opportunities to develop their personality. Racial or any type of discrimination should not be observed. There should not be any distinction of caste and creed, colour and race, rich and poor. In India, all are provided with equal opportunities and all have equal rights to education.