write about anomalous behavior of lithium
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As we move down the period the electropositive nature increases, but it decreases as we towards right in a period. Hence, the diagonally located elements have similar electropositive character.2. As we move down the group, the size of the atom increases and hence, the polarising power decreases. But, the size of the atom decreases as we move right in a period and hence the polarising power increases. So, the diagonally
Because of the above two reasons, the diagonally located elements lithium and magnesium show similarity in properties despite of the difference in the oxidation states.
Similarities of lithium with magnesium and dissimilarities with that of the other members of the group
Lithium is a very strong element and is equally strong as magnesiumIt has high melting and boiling points. The boiling point of lithium is 1330 degree centigrade that is comparable to that of magnesium which is 1100 degrees.Due to small size, the lithium atom has high ionization energy. Hence, it remains inactive to dry air, slowly reactivity with water, liquid bromine and forms a highly stable hydride unlike other alkali metals. All these properties are exactly exhibited by magnesium.As magnesium it forms only monoxides. All the other alkali metal atoms form peroxides and superoxides.Lithium is the only alkali metal that reacts directly with nitrogen forming nitride.Both lithium and magnesium have the ability to form complex compounds with ammonia and water.When the oxides of lithium and magnesium are dissolved in water, very less amount of energy is released. Other members of the alkali metals group dissolve by liberating more energy.Hydroxides of lithium and magnesium are less soluble in water and are hence, considered as weak bases. The hydroxides of other members of alkali metals are stronger bases when compared to lithium hydroxide.Lithium and magnesium are very less stable to heat. They form oxide and liberate carbon dioxide upon heating. Rest of the alkali metals form carbonates that are highly stable.
Li2CO3-- => Li2O + CO2
MgCO3-- => MgO + CO2Like carbonates, nitrates of lithium and magnesium decompose readily giving rise to oxides and nitrogen dioxide. Other alkali metals give nitrites and evolve oxygen.Lithium halides are covalent in nature and are hence soluble in organic solvents. The other halides are ionic in nature and are only soluble in water.All alkali metal sulphates except lithium sulphate form alums.
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Because of the above two reasons, the diagonally located elements lithium and magnesium show similarity in properties despite of the difference in the oxidation states.
Similarities of lithium with magnesium and dissimilarities with that of the other members of the group
Lithium is a very strong element and is equally strong as magnesiumIt has high melting and boiling points. The boiling point of lithium is 1330 degree centigrade that is comparable to that of magnesium which is 1100 degrees.Due to small size, the lithium atom has high ionization energy. Hence, it remains inactive to dry air, slowly reactivity with water, liquid bromine and forms a highly stable hydride unlike other alkali metals. All these properties are exactly exhibited by magnesium.As magnesium it forms only monoxides. All the other alkali metal atoms form peroxides and superoxides.Lithium is the only alkali metal that reacts directly with nitrogen forming nitride.Both lithium and magnesium have the ability to form complex compounds with ammonia and water.When the oxides of lithium and magnesium are dissolved in water, very less amount of energy is released. Other members of the alkali metals group dissolve by liberating more energy.Hydroxides of lithium and magnesium are less soluble in water and are hence, considered as weak bases. The hydroxides of other members of alkali metals are stronger bases when compared to lithium hydroxide.Lithium and magnesium are very less stable to heat. They form oxide and liberate carbon dioxide upon heating. Rest of the alkali metals form carbonates that are highly stable.
Li2CO3-- => Li2O + CO2
MgCO3-- => MgO + CO2Like carbonates, nitrates of lithium and magnesium decompose readily giving rise to oxides and nitrogen dioxide. Other alkali metals give nitrites and evolve oxygen.Lithium halides are covalent in nature and are hence soluble in organic solvents. The other halides are ionic in nature and are only soluble in water.All alkali metal sulphates except lithium sulphate form alums.
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