Question

Write about any three organisms which are exceptions from five kingdoms classification.

Answer 1

Hello!!

Here is your answer.

$\large {\mathbf {\red{Virus : }}}$
The name 'Virus' means vinom or poisonous fluid. It was given by Pasteur. In 1892, D. J. Ivanowsky recognized certain microbes which cause mosaic disease of tobacco. These were found to be smaller than bacteria because they passed through the filters that were bacteria-proof.
Viruses did not find place in classification since they are not truely living. They don't have cellular structure. Viruses are considered as connecting link between living and non living organisms. We know that molecules inside cell always show some movement. Molecular movement takes place even when we are sleeping. But, viruses do not show any molecular movement. That is why it has been controversial whether viruses are living or non living.
Viruses are non cellular as mentioned as above. They have inert crystalline structure outside the living cell. They infect the host cell and use their machinery to replicate thereby killing the host cell.
As viruses use our cell machinery. So, antibiotics are not effective against them. We have to kill our cells if we want to kill or stop from replicating the virus. In 1935, W. M. Stanley showed that crystals of viruses mainly consist of proteins. In addition to it, they also contain genetic materials that could be either DNA or RNA. No virus contains both DNA and RNA. The nucleic acid is protected by a protein called capsid which is made up of small sub units of capsomeres. Viruses are the cause of diseases like cold, influenza, chicken pox, etc. The deadly diseases like AIDS and hepatitis B are also caused by virus.

$\large {\mathbf {\red{Viroids : }}}$
Viriods were discovered by T. O. Deiner in 1971. As the name indicates, they lack the protein coat that is found in viruses. They are infectious, so cause potato spindle tuber disease. They are smaller than viruses and are found as free RNA. Their RNA is of low molecular weight. Just like viruses, viroids are also exception from cell theory and five kingdom classification.

$\large {\mathbf {\red{Lichens : }}}$
Symbiotic association means mutually useful associations. These associations help the both organisms. Both the organisms in the symbiotic relationship are mutually defendent on each other for food, shelter, etc. One of such symbiotic relationship is called lichens. It is between algae and fungi. The algal components and fungal components are known as phycobiont and mycobiont respectively. The algal component, phycobiont is autotrophic and so it prepare the food for fungal component. In return, the fungal component which is heterotrophic, provides shelter and absorbs food, mineral, water and nutrients for the partner, phycobiont. Lichens are very good pollution. They don't grow in polluted areas thereby showing that whether the area is polluted or not.

Hope It Helps

Answer 2

Kingdom Monera

These organisms are prokaryotic and unicellular. They do not have a well-defined nucleus and also lack cell organelles.  Some organisms show the presence of cell wall while there are others without a cell wall. Consequently, some organisms are autotrophic and others are heterotrophic. Examples include Bacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Mycoplasma.

Kingdom Protista

Organisms grouped under Kingdom Protista are all unicellular, but eukaryotic organisms. These are the simplest forms of eukaryotes that exhibit either autotrophic or heterotrophic mode of nutrition. Some organisms have appendages such as cilia or flagella or pseudopodia to move around. Some examples are Diatoms, Protozoans like Amoeba, Paramoecium
Kingdom Fungi

Heterotrophic, Multicellular and Eukaryotic organisms are grouped under Kingdom Fungi. Their mode of nutrition is saprophytic as they use decaying organic matter as food. They have cell walls, which are made up of a substance called Chitin. Fungi also form a symbiotic association with some blue-green algae. Yeast, Mushroom, Aspergillus are examples of Fungi.

Kingdom Plantae

These are Eukaryotic, Multicellular organisms with a cell wall that is made up of cellulose. They are autotrophs and synthesize their own food through the process of photosynthesis. This kingdom includes all plants.

Based on the body differentiation and presence or absence of specialized vascular tissue, Kingdom Plantae is divided into different divisions, namely Thallophyta, Bryophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms. Examples are Spirogyra, Ferns, Pines, and Mango Plant etc.

Kingdom Animalia

This Kingdom includes organisms that are Multicellular, Eukaryotic, without the presence of cell wall. They have a heterotrophic mode of nutrition. They also exhibit great diversity. Some organisms are simple while others have a complex body with specialized tissue differentiation and body organs.

The Animal Kingdom is divided into many phyla and classes. Some of the phyla are Porifera, Coelenterata, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, Chordata etc. Examples – Hydra, Starfish, Earthworms, Monkeys, Birds etc.