write about any two poverty alleviation programmes introduced by the government of India and explain the programs too
Answers
The poverty alleviation programmes in India can be categorized based on whether it is targeted for rural areas or urban areas. Most of the programmes are designed to target rural poverty as prevalence of poverty is high in rural areas.
Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana (JGSY)
Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana(JGSY) is the restructured, streamlined and comprehensive version of the Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY). It was started on 1 April 1999. The main aim of this programme was development of rural areas. Infrastructure like roads to connect the village to different areas, which made the village more accessible and also other social, educational (schools) and infrastructure like hospitals. Its secondary objective was to give out sustained wage employment. This was only given to BPL (below the poverty line) families and fund was to be spent for individual beneficiary schemes for SCs and STs and 3% for the establishment of barrier free infrastructure for the disabled people. The village panchayats were one of the main governing body of this programme. ₹1841.80 crore was used and they had a target of 8.57 lakh works. 5.07 lakh works were completed during 1999-2000.
Integrated Rural Development Program(IRDP)
IRDP in India is among the world's most ambitious programs to alleviate rural poverty by providing income-generated assets to the poorest of the poor. This program was first introduced in 1978-79 in some selected areas, but covered all the areas by November 1980. During the sixth five-year plan (1980–85) assets worth 47.6 billion rupees were distributed to about 16.6 million poor families. During 1987-88, another 4.2 million families were assisted with an average investment of 4,471 per family or 19 billion rupees overall.
The main objective of IRDP is to raise families of identified target group below poverty line by creation of sustainable opportunities for self-employment in the rural sector. Assistance is given in the form of subsidy by the government and term credit advanced by financial institutions (commercial banks, cooperatives and regional rural banks.) The program is implemented in all blocks of the country as centrally sponsored scheme funded on 50:50 basis by the center and the states. The target group under IRDP consists of small and marginal farmers, agricultural laborers and rural artisans having annual income below ₹11,000 defined as poverty line in the Eighth Plan. In order to ensure that benefits under the program reach the more vulnerable sectors of the society, it is stipulated that at least 50 per cent of assisted families should be from scheduled castes and scheduled tribes with corresponding flow of resources to them. Furthermore, 40 per cent of the coverage should be of women beneficiaries and 3 per cent of physically challenged persons. At the grassroots level, the block staff is responsible for implementation of the program. The State Level Coordination Committee (SLCC) monitors the program at state level whereas the Ministry of Rural Areas and Employment is responsible for the release of central share of funds, policy formation, overall guidance, monitoring and evaluation of the program.
Answer:
Pradhan Mantri Rozgar Yojana (PMRY)
(i) This programme was launched in 1993.
(ii) It is aimed at providing self-employment opportunity to educated unemployed youth in the rural and urban areas.
(iii) Under this programme, scheduled banks provide loans at a lower interest rate to start small business and set up industries.
Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP)
(i) This programme was launched in 1995.
(ii) The aim of the programme is to create self-employment opportunity in rural areas and small towns.
(iii) A target for creating 25 lakh new jobs has been set for this programme under the Tenth Five Year Plan.
National Rural Employment-Guarantee Act (NREGA)
(i) This Act was passed in September 2005.
(ii) This Act is now renamed as Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MNREGA).
(iii) This act provides 100 days assured employment every year to every rural household in 200 districts. Later, the-scheme will be extended to 600 districts.
(iv) One-third of the proposed jobs would be reserved for women.
(v) The Central Government will establish National