Question

Write about Assembly in
10000words

Answer 1

As we have discussed, internally instructions and data are represented using binary quantities. To aid in programming a machine, however, we commonly use a symbolic representation of instructions and data. This is the assembly programming language. Here we explain the conventions used by the assembly programming language used for 68k and the specific tools that you are going to be using for the Ultragizmo board. Different CPUs most likely use different assembly languages. Moreover, there may even been different assembly dialects for the same CPU.

 

Once you write an assembly program (which is a text representation of instructions and memory data values), then you have to pass it through an assembler. The assembler is a program that parses your assembly program and translates it into its equivalent binary form. It is this binary representtaion that is then loaded into the computer’s memory and gets executed. Even for that “binary representation” there are specific formats that are used. The operating system (or “monitor” in the case of Ultragizmo) running on the computer knows how interpret these formats and to load your program and data in memory before it is executed by the computer. In the ultragizmo a simple text representation is used to communicate the memory contents including instructions and data. This format is called SREC. Briefly in SREC data values are represented using the hexadecimal system using the ASCII encoding for each hex digit. Each line has the form ADDRESS DATA where ADDRESS is the starting address where the data values encoded in DATA should be stored (note this is a simplified explanation of the format – the actual format is a bit more complicated – you can look at the srec file that the assembler produces and then find a complete description on-line).

Answer 2

hii MATE kaun se assembly par lekhna h