Question

Write about Carbon Dioxide CO2 and its basic properties and actions, uses
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Answer 1

Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of one carbon and two oxygen atoms. It is often referred to by its formula CO2. It is present in the Earth's atmosphere at a low concentration and acts as a greenhouse gas. In its solid state, it is called dry ice.

Properties of Carbon Dioxide :

Carbon Dioxide is a colorless, odorless, incombustible gas resulting from the oxidation of carbon. Carbon dioxide appears as a colorless odorless gas at atmospheric temperatures and pressures. Relatively nontoxic and noncombustible. Heavier than air and may asphyxiate by the displacement of air.

Functions of Carbon Dioxide :

Carbon dioxide plays an important part in vital plant and animal process, such as photosynthesis and respiration. These processes will be briefly explained here. Green plants convert carbon dioxide and water into food compounds, such as glucose, and oxygen. This process is called photosynthesis.

Uses of Carbon Dioxide :

Carbon dioxide is used as a refrigerant, in fire extinguishers, for inflating life rafts and life jackets, blasting coal, foaming rubber and plastics, promoting the growth of plants in greenhouses, immobilizing animals before slaughter, and in carbonated beverages.

Answer 2

                           Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)

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Occurrence

About 0.03 % by volume of air contains carbon dioxide. It occurs in nature both in free and combined state. In air it is present due to the oxidation of organic matter during combustion and decay. Plants use carbon dioxide during photosynthesis. These molecules are the basic raw materials for Living Organisms. During respiration, organısms give carbon dioxide back to air. Thus the optimum balance of carbon dioxide is maintained. It is estimated that about 40 liters of CO₂ is exhaled by a human being per day. In the combined state, CO₂ occurs as carbonates, for example, Limestone (CaCO₃), Dolomite (CaCO₃, MgCO₃) and Magnesite (MgCO₃).Carbon is a colourless, odorless and tasteless gas.

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Preparation

• Carbon Dioxide can be prepared by following methods

➤ By Burning Carbon or Carbon Compounds in Air

$\bf{C\:+\:O\:\to\:CO_2}$  Which means

$\sf{Carbon\:+\:Oxygen\:\to\:Carbon\:\:dioxide}$

$\bf{CH_4\:+\:2O_2\:\to\:CO_2+2H_2O}$  Which means  

$\sf{Methane\: +\: Oxygen\:\to\:Carbon\:dioxide\:+\:Water}$

➤ By the action of heat on certain metallic carbonates and bicarbonates

$\bf{CaCO_3\:\to\:CaO\:+CO_2}$  Which means

$\sf{Calcium\:Carbonate\:\to\:Calcium\:Oxide\:+Carbon\:Dioxide}$

$\bf{2NaHCO_3\:\to\:Na_2CO_3\:+\:H_2O\:+\:CO_2}$  Which means

$\sf{Sodium\:bicarbonate\:\to\:Sodium\:carbonate\:+\:Water\:+\:Carbon\: dioxide}$

➤ By the Action of Dilute Acids on carbonates and bicarbonates

$\bf{CaCO_3\:+\:2HCl\:\to\:CaCl_2\:+\:H_2O\:+CO_2}$  Which means

$\sf{Calcium\:Carbonate\:+\:Hydrochloric\:Acid\:\to\:Calcium\:Chloride\:+\:Water\:+Carbon\:dioxide}$

$\bf{NaHCO_3\:+\:HCl\:\to\:NaCl\:+\:H_2O\:+CO_2}$  Which means

$\sf{Sodium\:bicarbonate\:+\:Hydrochloric\:Acid\:\to\:Sodium\:Chloride\:+\:Water\:+Carbon\:dioxide}$

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Solubility of Carbon Dioxide in Water

At lower temperature, the solubility of carbon dioxide is large. 180 ml of carbon dioxide can be dissolved in 100 ml of water. The solubility of carbon dioxide in water decreases with increase of temperature. The solubility of carbon dioxide in water increases with increase of pressure Aerated soft drinks contain carbon dioxide dissolved in water under pressure. When the cap of a bottle of a cold drink is removed, CO₂ rushes out because of the release of pressure. Carbon dioxide dissolved in water is used by marine plants for photosynthesis.

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Non Combustible and Non - Supporter of Combustion

Carbon dioxide is very stable and inert. It is neither combustible nor a supporter of combustion. However, some active metals like magnesium continue to burn in it.

➤ Introduce burning magnesium into a jar of carbon dioxide. It continues to burn forming white ash.  $\sf{2Mg\:+\:CO_2\:\to\:2MgO\:+\:C}$

➤ Reduction : Carbon Dioxide is reduced to Carbon Dioxide when passed over red hot coke $\sf{C\:+\:CO_2\:\to\:2CO}$

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Acidic Nature

➤ Refer to Attachment

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Action with Lime Water

➤ Bubble carbon dioxide through lime water [Ca(OH)₂]. It turns milky or turbid. Continue to pass carbon dioxide. Turbity disappears. It turns milky due to the formation of insoluble calcium carbonate.

$\sf{CaOH_2\:+\:CO_2\:\to\:CaCO_3\:+H_2O}$

➤ When more carbon dioxide is bubbled through it, the milkiness disappears due to formation of water - soluble calcium carbonate

$\sf{\sf{Ca}\left(\sf{HCO}_{3}\right)_{2} \stackrel{\textsf{Heat}}{\longrightarrow} \: \sf{CaCO}_{3}\:+ \: \sf{H}_{2} \sf{O} }$

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Action with Basic Oxides

Being an acidic oxide, Carbon Dioxide reacts with basic oxides like sodium oxide and calcium oxide to form salts.

$\sf{Na_2O\:+\:CO_2\:\to\:Na_2CO_3}$

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Uses of Carbon Dioxide

• It is used in Extinguishing Fire
• In the manufacture of carbonated water, for example : soda water, lemonade and other soft drinks
• Dry Ice (Solid Carbon Dioxide) is used in Refrigerators
• In the manufacture of sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate by Solvay process
• It is used in preserving fruits
• Plants inhale carbon dioxide for photosynthesis during daytime
• Carbogen (a mixture of oxygen with 5 - 10 % carbon dioxide) is used in artificial respiration by patients suffering from pneumonia and carbon monoxide poisoning
• It is used in atomic reactors for transfer of heat to boilers
• It is used for manufacturing of urea and other nitrogenous fertilizers

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Melting Point and Boiling Point

• Melting point of Carbon Dioxide is -5 .6°C

• Boiling point of Carbon Dioxide is -78.5°C

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