Question

Write about folk traditions of sculptural art.

Answer 1

Wood sculpture is one of the most popular folk art branches in the past and in the present. Until Soviet occupation, this branch was exclusively sacral, subjects were selected from Catholic church teachings, history and iconographies. Prayer book illustrations, various holy pictures, devotionals and especially Lithuanian church art were samples to country sculptors. This example was originally supplemented by written sources - the Bible, especially appreciated lives of Saints, hymns ( sung during various occasions, however most related to funeral rites ). Folk sculptors created thousands of sculptures ( all polychromatic ), monumental forms, with simple expressions, moderate and showing big emotional stress. These sculptures ( often severe ) were placed onto crosses and into chapels. Most of them not large ( 20-40 cm. tall, some statues were 1-1.5 m. tall ). 
There are several large groups - Christ's, Virgin Mary's and Saints'. In the first group, prevails the theme of suffering ( Crucified, Nazarene, Crucifix, Sorrowful, Pieta ). Among the most popular saints are John Nepomukas, John the Baptist, George, Anthony, Izidor, Agnes, Barbara and Ann. Twenty other, rarer sculptures can also be found. A separate group is made of traditional Stations of the Cross sculptures, found in village churches and in chapels. There was an abundance of folk sculptures in the 19th century, all the artful features were maintained until the middle of this century, until the natural development of this branch was cut off by Soviet occupation. Many sculptures, together with crosses and wayside chapels were destroyed, many fell into decay, some found place in museums, some have been preserved in natural surroundings until today. The years after the war, until the rebirth of Lithuania can be considered as full of secular content, folk sculpture's rise and development years. Themes of secular fret works - work, life, holidays, folklore ( especially heroes of legends and fairy tales ), belles-lettres ( most books about country characters ), mythology, ethnography, various Soviet life actualities and war. Quite uncommon to traditional folk sculpture - humorous, satirical sculptures and compositions to which are given not only vital types but folklore characters, devils' and witches' shapes. During that period, no color was added to the sculptures - carvers' attention was directed to beauty of wood surfaces and revealing expressiveness, figure's monumental static expression, changes in movement dynamics, various deformations, origin of decorative elements. .
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Answer 2

Explanation:

1. The sculptural art is also as ancient as art of painting, dating back to stone age.

2. Carving stones into tools can be said the beginning of sculptural art.

3. The custom of making clay images in rituals has been prevented in India since the Harappa times.

4. This rituals has continues in many religions such as Bengal, Bihar, Gujrat, Rajasthan, etc.

5. The idol of Ganpati, masks of goddess Gauri, Bull figurines made for festival of Bailpaula, etc are few example of the folk tradition of sculptural art.

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