write about impact of socialiin Europe
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Abstract: The purpose of this article is to provide an insight into the specifics of social entrepreneurship
in different business environments. The article, therefore, examines selected characteristics of social
enterprises, namely social value, innovations, and market activities. In addition, differences in
the start-up and operational phases of social enterprises were measured. Social enterprises must
operate in a specific business context, which essentially hinders or promotes social entrepreneurship.
As culture differs between north-western and south-eastern Europe, it is important to examine the
differences in social entrepreneurship between these two groups of countries. To analyze the proposed
characteristics, we used the latest data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor special report on
social entrepreneurship. The results indicate that there exist differences in social impact measurement
between observed groups of countries. Additionally, we confirmed differences between the observed
groups of countries in terms of innovations and market activity of social enterprises in the operational
phase. Our results also suggest that social entrepreneurship is more developed in north-western
European countries than in south-eastern ones, with some elements in the north-western countries
being more noticeable in the operational phase compared to the start-up phase.
Keywords: social entrepreneurship; social value creation; innovations; market activity; Global
Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM)
1. Introduction
Social entrepreneurship has emerged as a global phenomenon and has received attention in the
literature over the last three decades (e.g., [1–10]) as an important tool for addressing social challenges
and responding to those challenges when the market and the public sector fail to do so.
Although interest in social entrepreneurship has increased significantly, there is still a lack of clear
definition (e.g., [11–13]) due to the diverse approaches to the issues. According to Bonfanti et al. [14],
social entrepreneurship is generally understood as the process by which entrepreneurs pursue a social
mission (e.g., [3,15,16]), which can be expressed in terms of social change [17], social transformation [18],
social value creation (e.g., [1,19–22]), or social impact, and which aims to solve social problems and needs
(e.g., [4,23]) or to create social rather than personal and shareholder wealth [22]. Social entrepreneurship
is essentially used to describe activities that, based on innovative approaches, combine entrepreneurial
goals with social objectives in order to achieve a social mission and value.
The core of social entrepreneurship is its non-profit character, which aims to create sustainable
value and social change in social issues in society (e.g., [22,24,25]). Several authors (e.g., [12,13,26])
understand social entrepreneurship as a concept with several dimensions or sub-concepts, including
social entrepreneurs, social enterprise, social value creation, market orientation, and innovation