Biology, asked by teronrang9101, 1 year ago

write about the composition of blood its physical characteristics and function

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Answered by anjalig
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Composition of blood

Blood is classified as a connective tissue and consists of two main components:

Plasma, which is a clear extracellular fluidFormed elements, which are made up of the blood cells and platelets

The formed elements are so named because they are enclosed in a plasma membrane and have a definite structure and shape. All formed elements are cells except for the platelets, which are tiny fragments of bone marrow cells.

Formed elements are:

Erythrocytes, also known as red blood cells (RBCs)Leukocytes, also known as white blood cells (WBCs)Platelets

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Leukocytes are further classified into two subcategories called granulocytes which consist of neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils; and agranulocytes which consist of lymphocytes and monocytes.

The formed elements can be separated from plasma by centrifuge, where a blood sample is spun for a few minutes in a tube to separate its components according to their densities. RBCs are denser than plasma, and so become packed into the bottom of the tube to make up 45% of total volume. This volume is known as the haematocrit. WBCs and platelets form a narrow cream-coloured coat known as the buffy coat immediately above the RBCs. Finally, the plasma makes up the top of the tube, which is a pale yellow colour and contains just under 55% of the total volume.



FUNCTIONS OF BLOODS
Blood has three main functions: transport, protection and regulation.

Transport

Blood transports the following substances:

Gases, namely oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), between the lungs and rest of the bodyNutrients from the digestive tract and storage sites to the rest of the bodyWaste products to be detoxified or removed by the liver and kidneysHormones from the glands in which they are produced to their target cellsHeat to the skin so as to help regulate body temperature


Protection

Blood has several roles in inflammation:

Leukocytes, or white blood cells, destroy invading microorganisms and cancer cellsAntibodies and other proteins destroy pathogenic substancesPlatelet factors initiate blood clotting and help minimise blood loss


Regulation

Blood helps regulate:

pH by interacting with acids and basesWater balance by transferring water to and from tissues



Physical Characteristics of Blood

Thicker (more viscous) than water and flows more slowly than water.Temperature of 100.4 degrees F.pH 7.4 (7.35-7.45)8 % of total body weight.Blood volume.


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