Write about the different process involved in election procedure in India
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Election process of an MLA
Every 5 years MLA election is held
Each state is divided into constituencies based on population
Candidate must be a citizen of India, 18 + age.
One has to fulfill eligibility criteria decided by election commission of India.
Candidates are from parties or they can stand as an independent candidate
Voting must be done by secret ballot or EVM/VVPAT to maintain secrecy and transparency.
Counting of Votes
In the Election process, counting is a major pre-declaration phase. In India, there are 2 types of voting systems. Accordingly, there are two types of counting systems.
1. Traditional system – The ballot paper voting and counting
Previously, the ballot paper voting system was in use. So people gave their vote using secret ballot paper to their desired candidate. After the voting is done, the ballot boxes from different polling booths are collected securely moved to the counting stations. The votes are manually counted by people, and then the results are declared by the authority. This whole process is supervised by CCTV cameras and also monitored by responsible persons of the ECI.
Main drawbacks of ballot paper voting system:
Manipulation with ballot boxes
Longer time in declaration of results
More human resources being deployed
Higher costing
Due to all these drawbacks and as a part of integration of technology in government processes, the EVMs were introduced.
2. The new system – Electronic Voting Machines and VVPAT
The EVMs were first introduced in 1998 assembly elections in Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and the NCT of Delhi. Since then, eventually they are being introduced at different levels.
An EVM has two parts : a control unit which is with the polling officer, and a balloting unit which is inside the voting booth. When the polling officer presses the button from the control unit, the voter can give his vote to the desired candidate by pressing the button on the balloting unit. Thus the votes are recorded by the EVM. An EVM can store upto 3840 votes. It can be used for voting for upto 64 candidates at a time.
But the main benefit of EVM system is there is no need of a large human force to count the votes manually. The results can be calculated and declared much faster than the previous ballot paper election system.
After the BJP winning in 2017 Uttar Pradesh Assembly elections 2017, there were many controversies raised by other opponent political parties, saying that they had manipulated the EVMs and they won the elections with the help of fake votes.
There were allegations like, “Doesn’t matter you press any button, you are voting the BJP only.”
So it was compulsory to integrate the VVPAT (Voter-verified paper audit trail) with the EVMs. The VVPAT is connected with EVM, and it prints a receipt, having the candidate name printed on it. So voter can verify that his vote has been recorded for the desired candidate only.
To deal with controversies questioned by opposing parties, EVMs are without any blunders, the Election Commission is likely to introduce an advanced version of EVM by the end of 2018.
Declaration of result
After counting, the results are conveyed to the returning officer. He calls the elected candidate, who has secured maximum votes. The elected candidate has to sign form 21C or 21D as the proof or accepting the result and being elected.
Next step is send copies of declaration to
The election commission
The Chief Electoral Officer of the state
Union Ministry of law
The secretary general of Lok Sabha
Publication of NEWS of elected candidate 1.Rajya Sabha Elections
2. State Legislature Elections
3. Presidential and Vice-Presidential Elections
Every 5 years MLA election is held
Each state is divided into constituencies based on population
Candidate must be a citizen of India, 18 + age.
One has to fulfill eligibility criteria decided by election commission of India.
Candidates are from parties or they can stand as an independent candidate
Voting must be done by secret ballot or EVM/VVPAT to maintain secrecy and transparency.
Counting of Votes
In the Election process, counting is a major pre-declaration phase. In India, there are 2 types of voting systems. Accordingly, there are two types of counting systems.
1. Traditional system – The ballot paper voting and counting
Previously, the ballot paper voting system was in use. So people gave their vote using secret ballot paper to their desired candidate. After the voting is done, the ballot boxes from different polling booths are collected securely moved to the counting stations. The votes are manually counted by people, and then the results are declared by the authority. This whole process is supervised by CCTV cameras and also monitored by responsible persons of the ECI.
Main drawbacks of ballot paper voting system:
Manipulation with ballot boxes
Longer time in declaration of results
More human resources being deployed
Higher costing
Due to all these drawbacks and as a part of integration of technology in government processes, the EVMs were introduced.
2. The new system – Electronic Voting Machines and VVPAT
The EVMs were first introduced in 1998 assembly elections in Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and the NCT of Delhi. Since then, eventually they are being introduced at different levels.
An EVM has two parts : a control unit which is with the polling officer, and a balloting unit which is inside the voting booth. When the polling officer presses the button from the control unit, the voter can give his vote to the desired candidate by pressing the button on the balloting unit. Thus the votes are recorded by the EVM. An EVM can store upto 3840 votes. It can be used for voting for upto 64 candidates at a time.
But the main benefit of EVM system is there is no need of a large human force to count the votes manually. The results can be calculated and declared much faster than the previous ballot paper election system.
After the BJP winning in 2017 Uttar Pradesh Assembly elections 2017, there were many controversies raised by other opponent political parties, saying that they had manipulated the EVMs and they won the elections with the help of fake votes.
There were allegations like, “Doesn’t matter you press any button, you are voting the BJP only.”
So it was compulsory to integrate the VVPAT (Voter-verified paper audit trail) with the EVMs. The VVPAT is connected with EVM, and it prints a receipt, having the candidate name printed on it. So voter can verify that his vote has been recorded for the desired candidate only.
To deal with controversies questioned by opposing parties, EVMs are without any blunders, the Election Commission is likely to introduce an advanced version of EVM by the end of 2018.
Declaration of result
After counting, the results are conveyed to the returning officer. He calls the elected candidate, who has secured maximum votes. The elected candidate has to sign form 21C or 21D as the proof or accepting the result and being elected.
Next step is send copies of declaration to
The election commission
The Chief Electoral Officer of the state
Union Ministry of law
The secretary general of Lok Sabha
Publication of NEWS of elected candidate 1.Rajya Sabha Elections
2. State Legislature Elections
3. Presidential and Vice-Presidential Elections
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