Write an article for your school magazine on "River pollution"
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Answer:
Water pollution has many causes and characteristics. Increases in nutrient loading may lead to eutrophication. Organic wastes such as sewage and farm waste impose high oxygen demands on the receiving water leading to oxygen depletion with potentially severe impacts on the whole eco-system.
Explanation:
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River water pollution is a global problem and not peculiar to India. However, rising pollution of rivers in India is a significant concern for the Indian government and population. India is home to about 20 major river basins. Unfortunately, most rivers and river basins in India are victims of pollution.
Importance of Rivers in India
According to a world bank report titled ‘Issues and Priorities for Agriculture’, India has about 195 million hectares of land under cultivation. Of this, about 63% or nearly 125 million hectares is rain-fed, while remaining 37% or 70 million hectares of the agricultural land depends on irrigation. Generally, rivers around agricultural zones provide much-needed water for irrigation.
Additionally, several wildlife sanctuaries of India are located on banks of rivers and their backwaters. These national parks are home to several endangered species that feature on Red List of International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Hence rivers in India are critical to their survival.
Further, rivers of India also provide livelihood to millions of people including fishermen, sand dredgers and various other professions.
Given this importance of rivers in India, let us examine the causes of their pollution and possible consequences.