write an article on ban of communalism
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Communalism in the western concept is referred to as a “theory or system of government in which virtually autonomous local communities are loosely in federation”. Communalism is a political philosophy, which proposes that market and money be abolished and that land and enterprises to be placed in the custody of the community. But in the Indian sub-continent context, communalism has come to be associated with conflicts and clashes between different religious communities.
Communalism as a political philosophy has its roots in the ethnic and cultural diversity of Africa. It was used to refer to the characteristics of different ethnic groups and the community’s lack of interaction with each other. Communalism in South Asia is used to denote the differences between the various religious groups and communities. The term has been extensively used to denote conflicts between those groups.
Communalism as an ideology consists of three elements:
i. A belief that people who follow the same religion have common political, economic, and social interests.
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ii. A notion that, in a multi religious society, these common interests of one religion are dissimilar and divergent from the interests of the followers of another religion,
iii. The interests of the followers of the different religions or of different ‘communities’ are seen to be completely incompatible, antagonist, and hostile.
The two other related concepts of communalism are:
1. Secularism and
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2. Regionalism
1. Secularism:
Secularism as a concept has its origin in western philosophy. It was initially used to refer to the separation of the church from the state, which gives the state a position of neutrality between different religions, while at the same time, it guarantees all citizens right to adhere to any religion. Holyoake has been regarded as the originator of the concept of secularism because of his important work, such as, ‘Principles of Secularism’ and ‘The Origin and Nature of Secularism’.
A secular state is defined as a state which recognises every citizen as equal and does not recognise any social or religious stratification for any political benefit. Secularism is tolerance of all religions with special emphasis on the protection of minorities and preservation of communal harmony.
However, in the words of Rizvi (2005), the essence of secularism rests on two basic principles:
(i) Separation of religion from politics.
(ii) Acceptance of religion as purely and strictly private affairs of individuals and having nothing to do with the state.
Sometimes secularism is used as a concept opposite to religious dogmatism but in reality, rather than remaining opposed to religion, secularism takes a dispassionate view in running the affairs of the state.
2. Regionalism:
Region is a geographical unit and is delimited from other regions. Region as a social system reflects the relation between different human beings and groups. Regions are an organised cooperation in cultural, economic, political, or military fields. Region acts as a subject with distinct identity, language, culture, and tradition.
Regionalism is an ideology and political movement that seeks to advance the causes of regions. As a process, it plays a role within the nation as well as outside the nation, that is, on a transnational level. Both types of regionalism have different meaning and have positive as well as negative impact on society, polity, diplomacy, economy, security, culture, development, negotiations, etc.
At the transnational level, regionalism refers to international cooperation to meet a common goal or to resolve a shared problem or it refers to a group of countries such as—Western Europe, or Southeast Asia, linked by geography, history, or economic features. Used in this sense, regionalism connotes to the attempts to consolidate the economic links between these countries.
Regionalism at the national level refers to a process in which sub- state actors become significant and power devolves from the central level to regional governments. These are the regions within a country, distinguished in culture, language, and other sociocultural factors.
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