Write an essay, of at least 400 words, about cellular respiration, muscle contractions, and sore muscles. --How is cellular respiration, both anaerobic and aerobic, instrumental in muscle contractions? --What is eccentric exercise? --What are two causes of muscle soreness after eccentric exercise? Be sure to include information about lactic acid and delayed onset muscle soreness. --What are some treatments for muscle soreness?
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Answer:
Cellular respiration or internal respiration is the set of biochemical reactions by which certain organic compounds are completely degraded, by oxidation, to become inorganic substances, a process that provides usable energy for the cell (mainly in the form of adenosine triphosphate).
Muscle contraction is the physiological process in which the muscles develop tension and shorten or stretch (or may remain the same length) due to a previous extension stimulus. These contractions produce the motor force of almost all the upper muscles, for example, to move the contents of the cavity to which they line (smooth muscle) or move the organism through the medium or to move other objects (striated muscle).
The contractions are controlled by the central nervous system. While the brain controls voluntary contractions, the spinal cord controls involuntary reflexes.
Muscle soreness due to overload, called cramp, is a sustained and involuntary contraction of a muscle or group of muscles, which causes mild or intense pain, and can cause these muscles to harden or bulge. It can occur due to insufficient oxygenation of the muscles or the loss of fluids and mineral salts as a result of prolonged effort, sudden movements or cold. In most cases it is harmless and disappears after a few minutes (it is also known as muscle "pull"). Poisoning or certain diseases can also cause cramping, particularly in the stomach. Normally they can be relieved or eliminated by performing stretching exercises on the affected area, resting and, in more persistent cases, taking some type of muscle or anti-inflammatory relaxant.
In the case of people who perform a lot of exercise or a continuous exercise, it is advisable to drink isotonic drinks, which contain the ions that the muscles need to reduce fatigue or recover earlier. The spasms produced in a fibromyalgia box occur in the same way, but their recovery is slower and almost always causes contracture in the spasmed area.
At the first sign of muscle pain, it is recommended to suspend the activity and try to stretch and massage the affected muscle. Initially, the heat helps to relax the muscle, although the application of ice can be useful after the initial spasm and when the pain has been reduced. If muscle pain persists, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may be used and, in more severe cases, the doctor may prescribe antispasmodic or muscle relaxant medications. After the initial treatment, the cause of the spasm should be determined to prevent recurrence and if there is compromise of an irritated nerve, it may be necessary to resort to physiotherapy or even surgery.
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