write an essay on deforestation in India more than 300 words
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Deforestation In India
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As per the revenue records, area under forests in India is 67.16 million hectares. But the forest survey of India estimates the forest cover in India at around 64.2 million hectares. This implies that India’s forest cover is around 19.5 per cent of the total geographical area of the country.
Significantly, data provided by the American earth observation space craft, Landsat, had revealed that India’s forest cover declined from 16.9 percent in the early seventies to 14.1 percent in the early eighties. This implies that the country has been losing forest cover at the rate of 1.3 million hectares a year. The Landsat data had also shown that forest cover within 100 km of India’s major cities is diminishing at the rate of 15 percent a year.
Obviously, deforestation in this stretch is the direct outcome of the escalating urban fuel wood demand. Against this backdrop there is hardly any reason to believe that India’s forest cover has recorded such a phenomenal growth to touch 19.5 percent in the late eighties from 16.9 percent in the early eighties, because the magnitude of forces and factors that have been causing deforestation all through the eighties had not shown any slow down.
Interestingly, Mr. B.B. Vohra, a leading environmentalist expresses doubt about the revenue records. He says that out of the 67.16 million hectares of forest area in the country, only about 46 million hectares are under good forest.
Perhaps the most significant factor behind continuous deforestation is the growing demand for fuel wood. A majority of the rural household and poorer segments of urban dwellers are fully dependent on fuel wood for meeting their cooking energy requirements.
According to India’s National Wasteland Development Board, the annual requirement of fuel wood in India is around 150 million tonnes. The quantity that can be obtained on a sustainable basis from existing forests, and social forestry programmes is estimated to be only one third of its requirement. The shortfall of 100 million tonnes is being met by illegal felling of trees in protected forests.
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