write an essay on "Environment and industrialization"
Answers
Answer:
Since the advent of industrial and technological revolutions, economic
indicators have been considered as the principal criteria for measuring
progress. The industrial and technological progress however, has been
accompanied by a growing negative impact on the environment in terms of its
pollution and degradation. Industrialisation carries with it the seeds of
environmental damage, assisted and abetted by both needs and greed of man.
Activities such as manufacturing, processing, transportation and consumption not
only deplete the stock of natural resources but also add stress to the environmental
system by accumulating the stock of wastes. The productivity of the industries,
however, depends on the supply and quality of natural and environmental
resources. While water, soil, air, forest and fishery resources are productive assets,
the pollution of water, air, atmosphere and noise are the by-products of economic
development, particularly industrialisation and urbanisation. "Green house effects",
"global warming" and "acid precipitation" are cases in point. Pollution is an "external
cost" (sometimes called a "spill-over cost" or a "neighbourhood cost"). Untreated or
improperly treated waste becomes pollution, increasing not only private costs but
also social costs. Environmental degradation often tends to become irreversible and
imposes damaging costs on the economy resulting in output and human losses, loss
of labour productivity from ill- health and loss of crop output. The ecological and
social costs of such unrestrained pollution and degradation have put a big question
mark on the perceived notion of industrialisation as a way of economic development.
Industrialisation is on the increase, which of course is necessary for the progress of
human civilization but so is the environmental pollution due to emissions and waste
generated from these industries. The industrial pollution due to its nature has the
potential to cause irreversible reactions in the environment and hence is posing a
major threat to our very existence. Since the carrying capacity of the environment is
not unlimited and some areas or ecosystems are more susceptible to adverse
environmental impacts than others, unplanned and haphazard industrialisation has
substantially increased the risk to the environment.
A number of studies have shown that air and water pollution are taking a heavy toll
of human life, particularly, in the developing countries through ill-health and
premature mortality. Pollution control, thus, assumes greater significance in the
context of ensuring sustainable development through planned industrialisation. The
environmental pollution and ecological degradation because of unplanned
industrialisation first became issues of international concerns in the 1970s when it
was recognised that mass production by industry and mass consumption by society
are depleting the resources and are generating huge amounts of solid waste and
hazardous substances. The environmental challenges and the natural resources
management were first focused in 1972 at the United Nations Human Environment
Conference at Stockholm. Since then, a much greater awareness has been created
not only amongst the developed countries but also the developing ones with regard
to the environmental issues. A number of international committees were formed at
different levels to address the environmental issues and cope up with the fast
development.
The World Commission on Environment & Development issued a report titled "Our
Common Future" and appealed for the application of principles of sustainable
development in 1987, the Inter Governmental Panel on Climate Change, (IPPC) was
organised jointly by the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) and
World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) with support from the G-7 nations in
1989.
Explanation:
Essay on Environment – All living things that live on this earth comes under the environment. Whether they live on land or water they are part of the environment. The environment also includes air, water, sunlight, plants, animals, etc
Moreover, the earth is considered the only planet in the universe that supports life. The environment can be understood as a blanket that keeps life on the planet sage and sound.
Essay on Environment
Importance of Environment
We truly cannot understand the real worth of the environment. But we can estimate some of its importance that can help us understand its importance. It plays a vital role in keeping living things healthy in the environment.
Likewise, it maintains the ecological balance that will keep check of life on earth. It provides food, shelter, air, and fulfills all the human needs whether big or small.
Moreover, the entire life support of humans depends wholly on the environmental factors. In addition, it also helps in maintaining various life cycles on earth.
Most importantly, our environment is the source of natural beauty and is necessary for maintaining physical and mental health.
industrialisation. India began her quest for industrial development after independence in 1947. The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1948 marked the beginning of the evolution of the Indian Industrial Policy. The resolution not only defined the broad contours of the policy; it delineated the role of the state in industrial development both as an entrepreneur and as an authority. Successive policy resolutions also reiterated this basic tilt in favor of the public sector.
The Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 gave the public sector a strategic role in the economy. It categorized industries which would be the exclusive responsibility of the state or would progressively come under state control and others. Earmarking the pre-eminent position of the public sector, it envisaged private sector co-existing with the state and thus attempted to give the policy framework flexibility.
The Industrial Policy initiatives undertaken by the Government since July 1991 have been designed to build on the past industrial achievements and to accelerate the process of making Indian industry internationally competitive.
It recognizes the strength and maturity of the industry and attempts to provide the competitive stimulus for higher growth. The thrust of these initiatives has been to increase the domestic and external competition through extensive application of market mechanisms and facilitating forging of dynamic relationships with foreign investors and suppliers of technology. The process of reform has been continuous.