write an essay on Pakistan long
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As a poor offspring of the subcontinent, Pakistan at independence in 1947 inherited a disproportionally small share of its assets, and a larger share of its liabilities; one-fifth of the area and the highways, about one- sixth of the population and railroads, one-seventh of the cultivated land, a tenth of the army, a small minority of the educated middle class, relatively few of the shopkeepers, tradesmen and professional classes, hardly any industrial workers, very few of the known minerals, a small fraction of the industrial equipment, only a few mills for the cotton crop, and only one major port: Karachi.

The separation of the deficit area of Bangladesh in 1971 did strengthen the food situation of the truncated state and reduced its population problem, but at the same time diminished the revenue base of the export of jute and tea. The two wings of Pakistan were linked by long and costly air-routes across northern India or by the slow sea route of nearly 3,000 miles (4,827 km) around southern India and Sri Lanka.
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Bangladesh’s secession lifted the burdens imposed by this awkward political geography from the shoulders of Pakistan. Pakistan’s share of the subcontinent’s resources of coal, iron, and other basic materials is insignificant. It has some gas and oil (at Sui fields). Its position in fibers is comparatively strong, and in food grains it has normally good surpluses of wheat.
By geography and by history, Pakistan and India are complementary. Political separation based on the concentrations of Muslims and non-Muslims defy several facts of physical and economic geography. The international borders show little regard for the established networks of railroads, irrigation canals and manufacturing. India could, if it wishes, gain control over the water of Pakistan’s canals by diverting water to its own territory, thus virtually choking off Pakistan’s agricultural base. (The two countries reached an agreement in 1960, the Indus Waters Treaty, regarding the distribution of waters)
This example of Pakistani dependence on India, which controls the headwaters of the tributaries of the Indus River, critical to Pakistan’s irrigated agriculture, illustrates the complementary nature of the two countries.
Physical Features:
The core area of this essentially desert country is traversed by the Indus and its tributaries, forming an alluvial lowland except in the north and west where mountains and plateaus flank its frontiers with Afghanistan and Iran. The country can be conveniently divided into four main topographic regions: the Northern and western Highlands, the Punjab-Sindh Plains, the Baluchistan Plateau, and the Thar Desert. The Northern and western Highlands cover much of northern and western parts of the country.
It is a typical Himalayan region with high, rugged mountains, and several glaciers. The second highest peak in the world, K2, is 28,250 feet (8,611 meters) in elevation and lies in the northernmost part in the Karakoram Range. The highlands in the western part include the Sulaiman Range and other hills containing much lower, elevation, of 4,000 to 10,000 feet (1,219 to 3,049 meters) in elevation but much less dissected than the lofty and rugged northern mountains, and are breached by several historic passes including the more notable Khyber, Gomal and Bolan that are the historic passageways between the Indo- Pakistan subcontinent and Afghanistan.

The separation of the deficit area of Bangladesh in 1971 did strengthen the food situation of the truncated state and reduced its population problem, but at the same time diminished the revenue base of the export of jute and tea. The two wings of Pakistan were linked by long and costly air-routes across northern India or by the slow sea route of nearly 3,000 miles (4,827 km) around southern India and Sri Lanka.
ADVERTISEMENTS:
Bangladesh’s secession lifted the burdens imposed by this awkward political geography from the shoulders of Pakistan. Pakistan’s share of the subcontinent’s resources of coal, iron, and other basic materials is insignificant. It has some gas and oil (at Sui fields). Its position in fibers is comparatively strong, and in food grains it has normally good surpluses of wheat.
By geography and by history, Pakistan and India are complementary. Political separation based on the concentrations of Muslims and non-Muslims defy several facts of physical and economic geography. The international borders show little regard for the established networks of railroads, irrigation canals and manufacturing. India could, if it wishes, gain control over the water of Pakistan’s canals by diverting water to its own territory, thus virtually choking off Pakistan’s agricultural base. (The two countries reached an agreement in 1960, the Indus Waters Treaty, regarding the distribution of waters)
This example of Pakistani dependence on India, which controls the headwaters of the tributaries of the Indus River, critical to Pakistan’s irrigated agriculture, illustrates the complementary nature of the two countries.
Physical Features:
The core area of this essentially desert country is traversed by the Indus and its tributaries, forming an alluvial lowland except in the north and west where mountains and plateaus flank its frontiers with Afghanistan and Iran. The country can be conveniently divided into four main topographic regions: the Northern and western Highlands, the Punjab-Sindh Plains, the Baluchistan Plateau, and the Thar Desert. The Northern and western Highlands cover much of northern and western parts of the country.
It is a typical Himalayan region with high, rugged mountains, and several glaciers. The second highest peak in the world, K2, is 28,250 feet (8,611 meters) in elevation and lies in the northernmost part in the Karakoram Range. The highlands in the western part include the Sulaiman Range and other hills containing much lower, elevation, of 4,000 to 10,000 feet (1,219 to 3,049 meters) in elevation but much less dissected than the lofty and rugged northern mountains, and are breached by several historic passes including the more notable Khyber, Gomal and Bolan that are the historic passageways between the Indo- Pakistan subcontinent and Afghanistan.
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this is not science question it is english .
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