write an essay on perseverance rover landing on mars
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Perseverance, nicknamed Percy, is a car-sized Mars rover designed to explore Jezero crater on Mars as part of NASA's Mars 2020 mission. It was manufactured by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and was launched on 30 July 2020, at 7:50 a.m. EDT (11:50 UTC),[1] and is scheduled to land on Mars on 18 February 2021, 3 p.m EST/8 p.m UTC.[2]The Perseverance rover was designed with help from the Curiosity's engineering team, as they are quite similar to each other.[4][5] Engineers designed the Perseverance rover wheels to be more robust than Curiosity's wheels, which have sustained some damage.[6] The rover has thicker, more durable aluminum wheels, with reduced width and a greater diameter (52.5 cm (20.7 in)) than Curiosity's 50 cm (20 in) wheels.[7][8] The aluminum wheels are covered with cleats for traction and curved titanium spokes for springy support.[9] The combination of the larger instrument suite, new Sampling and Caching System, and modified wheels makes Perseverance heavier than its predecessor by 14% (899 kg to 1025 kg).[10] The rover will include a five-jointed robotic arm measuring 2.1 m (6 ft 11 in) long. The arm will be used in combination with a turret to analyze geologic samples from the Martian surface.[11]
The rover's power generator (MMRTG) has a mass of 45 kilograms (99 lb) and uses 4.8 kilograms (11 lb) of plutonium-238 oxide as its power source. The natural decay of Plutonium-238 gives off heat which is converted to electricity.[12]—approximately 110 watts at launch. This will decrease over time as its power source decays.[12] The MMRTG charges two lithium-ion rechargeable batteries which power the rover's activities, and must be recharged periodically. Unlike solar panels, the MMRTG provides engineers with significant flexibility in operating the rover's instruments even at night and during dust storms, and through winter.[12]