Question

Write an essay on the nature of the party system of india

Answer 1

A "party system" is a concept in comparative political science concerning the "system of government" by political parties in a "democratic country".

Explanation:

• In India, the party system was not generally a fixed one, such as one party system, or two-party system, one-party dominance, or multi-party system. In "India's party system" you can find the characteristics of each of the above-mentioned systems. The political system hasn't been a strong single-party structure for several years now, as it was till 1967. It's not a one-party government anymore. The Indian party system is neither  a system of two parties, which existed between 1977 & 1980 for a short time.
• Moreover, it is not only a system of multi-parties, since the national political parties rely heavily on the backing of local political parties to remain in power both in the Center and in some States. Numerous political parties join together to form coalitions, since separate parties have trouble gaining votes by themselves.

In view of the above, the "party system" in India reveal the following key characteristics:

• India has a "multi-party system" with many different political parties competing to gain power in the Center and even in the states to gain control
• The "current party system in India" has seen the emergence, at both the national and the region/State, of a two-nodal party system. Two poles are headed both by Congress & the BJP in the center and in the States, by bi-nodal patterns.
• The "political parties" are not "hegemonic" however competing, but several times we see that one specific party is aligned to a national party and shifts to other party on the "eve of general elections".
• In formation of the govt at the center, the "regional political parties" have come to "play a crucial role". Such regional parties back one or the other national political party, demanding considerable favors, central ministerial posts, & other financial incentives for their respective states.
• Elections have now been contested not between independent parties, but within the  "coalition of parties". Competition structure, relationships and players differ between states.
• A recent feature of Indian party system has been coalition politics. We also entered a condition where, except in certain states, there is no single party govt. There are no permanent ruling parties or permanent opposition parties.
• The agendas of the democratic parties took a back seat, as a result of coalition politics. The administration is conducted by the Common Minimum Program and reveals the "ruling motto," that is pragmatism. Instances such as the Telugu Desam Party supporting the NDA led by BJP in 1999 & the CPI(M) supporting the UPA headed by the Congress in 2004 sans formally joining the govt, have been now recent trends
• Parties continue to focus on the subjective issue of elections to win votes such as "Garibi Hatao" (1970s), "Indira is India" (1980s), "Taking into the 21st Century" (mid-1980s), "BJP’s India Shining' ( 1999), "Congress’ ‘Feel Good" (2004) & "Aam Aadmi" (2009). Parties now seek short-term "electoral gains" instead of building "lasting social coalitions".

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