Write any 3 feachers in Indian railways
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1 Track
Track or permanent way is the single costliest asset of Indian Railways. It consists of rails, sleepers, fittings and fastenings, ballast, and formation. Complete details of the track are given in Chapter 5.
2 Locomotives
In the year 2003-04, Indian Railways owned a fleet of 7817 locomotives including 45 steam locomotives, 4769 diesel locomotives, and 3003 electric locomotives. The number of steam locomotives reached its peak in 1963-64 with 10,810 units. It then declined gradually, as the production of steam locomotives was stopped in 1971. Diesel and electric locomotives, which are more than twice as powerful as steam locomotives, have progressively replaced steam locomotives. Owing to the heavy investments involved in replacing all the existing steam locomotives with diesel and electric locomotives, steam locomotives were gradually phased out, and it was decided that these should be retained in service till the expiry of their codal life or 2000 AD, whichever is earlier. Accordingly, most steam locomotives of the Indian Railways have been phased out.
Apart from replacing steam locomotives with diesel and electric locomotives in areas of heavy traffic density, a large number of diesel shunting engines are also being introduced as replacements for steam shunting locomotives. This has enabled Indian Railways to improve operational efficiency in both passenger and freight operations.
3 Traction
The traction mix has significantly changed in the last two decades and Railways have been progressively switching over to diesel and electric traction. Though steam locomotion involves the least initial costs, it is technologically inferior to diesel and electric traction in many respects. On the other hand, diesel and electric locomotives have superior performance capabilities, the electric locomotive being the more powerful one of the two. Electric traction is also the most capital intensive and, therefore, requires a certain minimum level of traffic density for its economic use. In broad terms, the traction policy on Indian Railways envisages the extension of the electrification of high-density routes as dictated by economic and resource considerations and the dieselization of the remaining services.
Track or permanent way is the single costliest asset of Indian Railways. It consists of rails, sleepers, fittings and fastenings, ballast, and formation. Complete details of the track are given in Chapter 5.
2 Locomotives
In the year 2003-04, Indian Railways owned a fleet of 7817 locomotives including 45 steam locomotives, 4769 diesel locomotives, and 3003 electric locomotives. The number of steam locomotives reached its peak in 1963-64 with 10,810 units. It then declined gradually, as the production of steam locomotives was stopped in 1971. Diesel and electric locomotives, which are more than twice as powerful as steam locomotives, have progressively replaced steam locomotives. Owing to the heavy investments involved in replacing all the existing steam locomotives with diesel and electric locomotives, steam locomotives were gradually phased out, and it was decided that these should be retained in service till the expiry of their codal life or 2000 AD, whichever is earlier. Accordingly, most steam locomotives of the Indian Railways have been phased out.
Apart from replacing steam locomotives with diesel and electric locomotives in areas of heavy traffic density, a large number of diesel shunting engines are also being introduced as replacements for steam shunting locomotives. This has enabled Indian Railways to improve operational efficiency in both passenger and freight operations.
3 Traction
The traction mix has significantly changed in the last two decades and Railways have been progressively switching over to diesel and electric traction. Though steam locomotion involves the least initial costs, it is technologically inferior to diesel and electric traction in many respects. On the other hand, diesel and electric locomotives have superior performance capabilities, the electric locomotive being the more powerful one of the two. Electric traction is also the most capital intensive and, therefore, requires a certain minimum level of traffic density for its economic use. In broad terms, the traction policy on Indian Railways envisages the extension of the electrification of high-density routes as dictated by economic and resource considerations and the dieselization of the remaining services.
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