Question

WRITE ANY THREE MAIN FEATURES OF SHIFTING CULTIVATION WHY WAS THESE PROCESS CONSIDERED HARMFULL FOR THE FOREST BY THE EUROPEAN?

Answer 1

The shifting cultivation, parts of the forests are cut and burnt in rotation. Seeds are sown in the ashes after the first monsoon rain, and the crop is harvested by October to November. Such plots are cultivated for couple of years and then left fallow for 12to 18yrs for the forest to grow back. A mixture of crops is grown on these plots. In central India and Africa it could be millets, in Brazil manioc, and in other parts of the Latin America maize and beans.
European foresters regarded this practice as harmful for the forest. They felt that land which was used for cultivation every few years could not grow trees for railway timber. When a forest was burnt, there was the added danger of the flames spreading and burning valuable timber. Shifting cultivation also made It harder for the government to calculate taxes. Therefore the government decided to ban shifting cultivation. As a result, many communities were forcibly displaced from their homes in the forest. Some had to change occupations, while some resisted through large and small rebellions.
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