Question

Write down the functional and structural difference between : mitochondria and chloroplast

Answer 1

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A large, membrane-bound, bean-shaped organelle found in almost all kind of eukaryotic organism, also known as 'powerhouse of the cell'. Mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration and energy metabolism.

The chloroplast is found only in green plants and in few algae, they are the sites of photosynthesis. This organelle of the cell is much more complex and larger than the mitochondria.

Mitochondria are present in the cells of all types of aerobic organisms, like plants and animals.

Chloroplast is present in green plants and green algae, protists like Euglena.

Mitochondria are the colourless organelles.

The chloroplast is green in colours.

Bean shape.

Disc shape.

Mitochondria have two chambers: matrix and the cristae.

Chloroplast also has two chambers stroma and thylakoid.

The inner membrane of mitochondria is folded into cristae.

The inner membrane of the chloroplast rises into flattened sacs called as thylakoids.

Mitochondria do not possess any pigments.

The thylakoid membrane in chloroplast contains carotenoids, chlorophyll and photosynthetic pigments.

Mitochondria convert sugar (glucose) into chemical energy called as ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

In the chemical bonds of glucose, the solar energy is stored.