Question

write down the mechanism of chemical impulses.

Answer 1

Answer:

Nervous System

The nervous system in human beings and animals is very complex. This system helps us react to stimuli and respond in the right manner. There is a constant exchange of information that occurs between the various parts of the body through the nerves and nerve cells.

The neurons, which are the functional unit of the neural system, have this amazing ability to detect, receive and also transmit the various kinds of stimuli. In scientific terms, the way these neurons communicate with each other is a nerve impulse. They are generally electrical signals that travel along the axon of the neuron.

The neurons communicate with each other at specific points or junctions called as the synapses. These synapses can be chemical, communicating through chemical messengers or electrical, where there is a flow of ions between the cells.

Have a look at different parts of Brain here.

Nerve Impulse

The neurons are cells with some special abilities. These cells get excited, because of the membranes that are in a polarised state. Each neuron has a charged cellular membrane, which means there is a voltage difference between the inside and the outside membrane.

There are also different types of ion channels on the cellular membrane, which are selectively permeable to certain ions, present in the membrane of the neuron. Ions must pass through ion channels when they either enter or exit the neurons. These ion channels can be open, closed or inactive.

Before going into other details, here are some terms that you should know.

Membrane potential – It is the difference in the total charge between the inside of the cell and the outside of the cell.

Resting membrane potential – It is the difference in voltage across the cell membrane in resting state. (A neuron is said to be at rest when it does not conduct any impulse. At this stage, the axonal membrane of the neuron is more permeable to the potassium ions and not permeable to the sodium ions.)

Action potential – It is a short-term change in the electrical potential that travels across the neuron cell.

Explanation: