Question

write five causes of the communal riot​

Answer 1

Answer:

1) It leads to killing of people

2) It leads to economical disturbance in country

3) It also leads to social disturbance in country

4) Leads the step towards discrimination

5) Also makes division in state having two community living together  

Explanation:

Answer 2

Causes of Communal Violence:-

Different scholars have approached the problem of communal violence with different perspectives, attributing different causes and suggesting dif­ferent measures to counter it. The Marxist school relates communalism to economic deprivation and to the class struggle between the haves and the have-not’s to secure a monopoly control of the market forces. Political sci­entists view it as a power struggle. Sociologists see it as a phenomenon of social tensions and relative deprivations. The religious experts perceive it as a diadem of violent fundamentalists and conformists.

The class analysis of communalism requires some attention. The ex­planation is that the economic, social and political situations in a society sometimes create such problems and crises for the people that even though they try to come to grips with these crises, they fail to do so. Without attempting to grasp the real causes for this failure, they ‘perceive’ the other community (numerically much stronger than their own) as the cause of their woes. Communalism is thus a social reality which is generated and reflected in a distorted way.

After independence, though our government claimed to follow “so­cialistic pattern of economy” yet in practice the economic development was based more on capitalist pattern. In this pattern, on the one hand the development has not occurred at a rate where it could solve the problems of poverty, unemployment and insecurity which could prevent frustra­tion and unhealthy competition for scarce jobs and other economic opportunities, and on the other hand, capitalist development has gener­ated prosperity only for certain social strata leading to sharp and visible inequality and new social strains and social anxieties.

The social anger and frustration of these rootless and impoverished people often find expression in spontane­ous violence whenever opportunity arises. A communal riot provides a good opportunity for this. But this economic analysis is not considered objective by many scholars.

Some scholars have proposed a multiple-factor approach in which they give importance to several factors together. Ten major factors have been identified in the etiology of communalism: These are; social, religious, political, economic, legal, psychological, administra­tive, historical, local, and international.

The social factors include social traditions, stereotyped images of religious communities, caste and class ego or inequality and religion-based social stratification; the religious fac­tors include decline in religious norms of tolerance and secular values, narrow and dogmatic religious beliefs, use of religion for political gains and communal ideology of religious leaders; the political factors include religion-based politics, religion-dominated political organisations, canvasing in elections based on religious considerations, political interference in religious affairs, instigation or support to agitations by politicians for vested interests, political justification of communal violence, and failure of political leadership; to contain religious feelings; the economic factors include economic exploitation and discrimination of minority religious communities, their lop-sided economic development, inadequate oppor­tunity in competitive market, non-expanding economy, displacement and non-absorption of workers of minority religious groups, and the influ­ence of gulf money in provoking religious conflicts; the legal factors include absence of common civil code, special provisions and conces­sions for some communities in the Constitution, special status of certain states, reservation policy, and special laws for different communities; the psychological factors include social prejudices, stereotype attitudes, dis­trust, hostility and apathy against another community, rumour, fear psychosis and misinformation/misinterpretation/misrepresentation by mass media; the administrative factors include lack of coordination be­tween the police and other administrative units, ill-equipped and ill-trained police personnel, inept functioning of intelligence agencies, biased policemen, and police excesses and inaction; the historical factors include alien invasions, damage to religious institutions, proselytisation efforts, divide and rule policy of colonial rulers, partition trauma, past communal riots, old disputes on land, temples and mosques; the local fac­tors include religious processions, slogan raising, rumours, land disputes, local anti-social elements and group rivalries; and the international factors include training and financial support from other countries, other coun­tries’ machinations to disunite and weaken India, and support to communal organisations.

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