write in brief about aliment canal class 10
Answers
Explanation:
the alimentary canal consists of 10 parts food from the bukkal cavity is transported through the oesophagus to the stomach .
Onthe upper side of stomach there is a diaphragm which contract and relax according to the pressure of air outside and inside the lungs .there is a Liver which helps to filter the blood coming from digestive tract . inside the stomach the hydrochloric acid and other enzyme helps in the digestion of the food .from where the food is transported two small intestine where the complete digestion takes place .juices from the pancreas like trypsin and lipase help in digestion of proteins and fats respectively from the small intestine the food is transported to the large intestine from where toxic substances are removed from the body through anus
Human Digestive System
Large Intestine
A human digestive system which is also known as the alimentary canal is a muscular tube which extends from the mouth to the anus. The parts of the human digestive system include – mouth, oral cavity, teeth, esophagus, pharynx, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus.
Also, read about the Process of Digestion
Mouth
The mouth is the opening through which the intake of food occurs.
Oral cavity
The oral cavity has three parts –the palate, tongue, and teeth.
Palate -It forms the roof of the oral cavity. The anterior part is called hard palate and the posterior part is called soft palate.
Tongue -Tongue is a muscular and glandular structure attached to the base of the oral cavity. On the upper surface, it has a V-shaped furrow called sulcus terminalis. It divides the tongue into the anterior oral part and posterior pharyngeal part. Its upper surface also consists of tiny projections called lingual papillae. Lingual papillae are of three kinds in humans-
(i)Vallate or circumvallate papillae -have gustatory receptors to sense taste
(ii) Filiform papillae- smallest and contain touch receptors.
(iii) Fungi-form papillae- Rounded and mostly present at the tip of the tongue.
Teeth
Humans are diphyodont i.e. they have two sets of teeth- milk or deciduous and permanent teeth. Here is the list of different types of teeth in humans with their functions.
Type of teeth
Type of teeth Function
Incisors Used for cutting
Canines Used for tearing
Premolars Used for Chopping
Molars Used for Grinding and Chewing
Structure of a tooth
Structure of a tooth
The structure of the tooth consists of three parts- the crown, neck, and root. The exposed part of the tooth is called the crown, the region where it is covered with gums is known as neck and root is embedded in the socket of the jaw bone.
Pharynx
It forms the common passage for food and air.
Esophagus
It is a muscular tube through which small bolus of food passes from the mouth to the stomach. It is sharply bent at the point at which it meets the stomach. This prevents the backward movement of food from the stomach into it. Food in the digestive tract moves by an involuntary movement of alternate contraction and relaxation of muscles called peristalsis.
Stomach
It is a muscular bag which has three parts- cardiac part, fundus, and body.
Cardiac part– It is so called because it is present close to the heart. The opening of the esophagus to the stomach is regulated by the cardiac sphincter.
Fundus– It is dome-shaped and is usually filled with air.
Body– This is the main part of the stomach. The opening of the stomach into the small intestine is regulated by the pyloric sphincter.
Small Intestine
It is the longest part of the alimentary canal and comprises three parts- Duodenum, Jejunum, and Ileum.
Duodenum– It is C- shaped and receives the hepatopancreatic duct formed by the union of bile and pancreatic duct.
Jejunum– Middle part of small intestine with thick walls and more vasculature.
Ileum– The lower part of the small intestine with thin walls and less vasculature.
Large Intestine
The small intestine leads into the large intestine which has three parts- Caecum, Colon, and Rectum.
Caecum– It is a small sac-like structure at the point where the small intestine meets the large intestine.
Colon– It is divided into four regions- transverse colon, sigmoid colon ascending colon and descending colon.
Rectum– It opens into the anus.
To learn more about the Alimentary Canal and Human Digestive System, visit BYJU’S.
Practise This Question
Starch digestion begins in ______
The mouth
The oesophagus
The stomach
The small intestine
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Practise This Question
Starch digestion begins in ______
The mouth
The oesophagus
The stomach
The small intestine
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