Write in brief about the Constitutional Amendments made in India in the 21st century and the factors responsible for the same.
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Answer:
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India is the central text that formulates people, governments and officials' rights, obligations and powers. On 26 January 1950, the Constitution came into effect and it is regarded as the most detailed constitution worldwide. However, as our society and its needs change, it is obsolete or violates law and order the Constitution doesn't keep in pace with the changes. Thus, various changes (amendments) were made to the Constitutions
Explanation:
Some changes that were made to the Constitution in the 21st centurey were
Free & compulsory education to children between 6 to 14 years (2002)
One of the most significant changes, the govt has directed private schools, through a random selection process, to take 25 per cent of their class strength from economically weaker or marginalised people of societies with the aid of govt funding. In fact, local and state authorities have been made to ensure the the proper implementation of the same
Allowing govt to enact laws that are related to reservations to economically, socially, backward classes, scheduled tribes & scheduled castes in public & private higher educational institutions (2014)
The most disregarded and oppressed communities in India are the scheduled castes & scheduled tribes. In Indian civilization and culture the curse of untouchability had always become a dark spot. It has been very prevalent in many subtle and not so subtle ways, notwithstanding a constitutional declaration of abolition under Article 17. Therefore, the amendment to enact laws on these quotas is indeed a need of the hour for the very dignity, existence and unification of the nation.
Introduction of the Goods and Services Tax (GST), to present the idea of One Nation, One Tax (2016)
The most recent big reform was the GST, wherein customers would not be subject to double / several taxes. Taxes levied on the procurement of goods include both the taxes on the central government and the state taxes. The GST program also prohibited the government from raising taxes arbitrarily.
Some of the other amendments to the constitution were
Amend article 243M (2000): Exempting Arunachal Pradesh from reservation for "Scheduled Castes" in "Panchayati Raj institutions".
Amend articles 55, 81, 82, 170, 330 & 332 (2002): Extending usage of 1971 "national census population figures" for state-wise distribution of "parliamentary seats"
Amend Article 332 (2003): Reservation in "Assam Assembly" relating to "Bodoland Territory Area".
Amend Schedule 8 (2004): Include Dogri, Bodo, Mathili, & Santali as official languages.
To insert Article 371J in the Constitution (2013): To "empower" the Karnataka Governor to take steps to develop the "Hyderabad-Karnataka Region".
Amend Article 338/366 (2018): Constitutional status to "National Commission for Backward Classes"
Amend article 334 (2020): To extend the seat reservation for SCs & STs in the Lok Sabha as well as state assemblies from 70 years to 80 years. Removed the "reserved seats" for the "Anglo-Indian community" in the Lok Sabha as well as state assemblies
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