Write in brief the impact of imbalancing in trace elements and health
Answers
Basically, humans have always had a certain balance of trace minerals in their diet. More recently, filtration of water, artificial fertilizers in agriculture, and changes away from traditional diets have caused changes in the balance of trace elements in our diets. There are no clear single benefits for trace minerals, but we know that they are active in a wide variety of enzyme systems. It is hard to measure the levels of trace elements in someone, let alone understand what effect they have on people.
It would be hard to be more specific - there are more than a hundred trace elements and each may affect hundreds of different reactions, which may have thousands of consequences biochemically.
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Human body requires certain essential elements in small quantities and their absence or excess may result in severe malfunctioning of the body and even death in extreme cases because these essential trace elements directly influence the metabolic and physiologic processes of the organism. Rapid urbanization and economic development have resulted in drastic changes in diets with developing preference towards refined diet and nutritionally deprived junk food. Poor nutrition can lead to reduced immunity, augmented vulnerability to various oral and systemic diseases, impaired physical and mental growth, and reduced efficiency. Diet and nutrition affect oral health in a variety of ways with influence on craniofacial development and growth and maintenance of dental and oral soft tissues. Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) are treated with antioxidants containing essential trace elements like selenium but even increased dietary intake of trace elements like copper could lead to oral submucous fibrosis. The deficiency or excess of other trace elements like iodine, iron, zinc, and so forth has a profound effect on the body and such conditions are often diagnosed through their early oral manifestations. This review appraises the biological functions of significant trace elements and their role in preservation of oral health and progression of various oral diseases.
Appropriate nutrition of all the metabolically active cells and tissues is essential for preserving health of the human body as a whole. Micronutrients, including trace elements, vitamins, and antioxidants, play a vital role in continuously occurring regenerative processes, coping with ongoing oxidative stress in the body tissues, and sustaining ample immunity against pathogens . The manifestations of undernutrition as well overnutrition of micronutrients on the oral health are vast and can result in defects of the dental hard tissues as well as oral mucosa.
The word “trace elements” is used for elements existing in natural and perturbed environments in small amounts, with excess bioavailability having a toxic effect on the living organ.Trace elements are chemical micronutrients which are required rather in minute quantity but play a vital role in maintaining integrity of various physiological and metabolic processes occurring within living tissues. The deficiency of any of the trace elements may be apparent as a combination of various clinical manifestations rather than a specific presentation as each trace element is related to many enzyme systems.
Healthy nutritional habits with regular intake of essential vitamins and minerals are of immense significance to general as well as oral health. As there had been limited knowledge among the oral physicians regarding significance of trace elements in human nutrition, the current review focuses on the role of those essential