Write in detail on various types of soil found in India. (From NCERT 10th class geography book)
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Black or Regur Soil
black soil
Black soil is also known cotton soil and internationally it is known as ‘Tropical Chernozems’. This is the third largest group in India. This soil is formed from rocks of cretaceous lava. This stretch over the parts of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Western parts of Madhya Pradesh, North- Western Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand up to Raj Mahal hills. The soil is rich in iron, lime, calcium, potash, magnesium and aluminium. It has high water retaining capacity and good for the cotton cultivation, Tobacco, citrus fruits, castor, and linseed.
Types of Soil in India – Desert Soil
Desert Soil
This soil is deposited by wind action and mainly found in the arid and semi-arid areas like Rajasthan, West of the Aravallis, Northern Gujarat, Saurashtra, Kachchh, Western parts of Haryana and southern part of Punjab. They are sandy with low organic matter. It has low soluble salts and moisture with very low retaining capacity. If irrigated these soil give a high agricultural return. These suitable less water requiring crops like Bajra, pulses, fodder, and guar.
Types of Soil in India – Laterite Soil
Laterite Soil
These soft, when they are wet and ‘hard and cloddy’ on drying. These are found mainly in the hills of the Western Ghats, Raj Mahal hills, Eastern Ghats, Satpura, Vindhya, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, North Cachar Hills, and the Garo hills. These are poor in organic matter, nitrogen, potassium, lime and potash. These iron and aluminium rich soils are suitable for the cultivation of rice, ragi, sugarcane and cashew nuts.
Types of Soil in India – Mountain Soil
Mountain Soil
These soils have less developed soil profile and mainly found in the valleys and hill slopes of Himalayas. These soils are immature and dark brown in colour. This soil has very low humus and it is acidic in nature. The orchards, fodder, legumes are grown in this soil.
Types of Soil in India – Red and Black Soil
These are developed over the granite, gneiss and quartzite of Precambrian and Archean era. This soil performs well if irrigated. Generally, this soil has very less productivity.
Grey and Brown Soil
These soils are found in Rajasthan and Gujarat. It is formed by the weathering of granite, quartzite, and gneiss. These loose, friable soils contain iron- oxide ( haematite and limonite)
Submontane Soil
These are formed by the deposition of eroded material from Shiwaliks and the lesser Himalayas. These are found in the Tarai region of the submontane stretching from Jammu and Kashmir to Assam. The soil supports a luxuriant growth of forest and more prone to soil erosion.
Snowfields
This soil found under the snow and glaciers at the highest peak of greater Himalayas, Karakoram, Ladakh, and Zaskar. This soil is immature in nature and unsuitable for crops.
Karewa Soil
Karewa soils are the lacustrine deposits in the Kashmir valleys and Bhadarwah valley. The fine silt, clay, and boulder gravels are the composition of Karewa soil. They are characterized with the fossils. These soils are mainly devoted to the cultivation of saffron, almonds, apple, walnut etc.
Types of Soil in India – Peaty and Marshy Soils
marshy n peat
This soil originates from the areas where adequate drainage is not possible. It is rich in organic matter and has high salinity. They are deficient in potash and phosphate. These mainly found in Sunderbans delta, Kottayam, and Alappuzha districts of Kerala, Rann of Kachchh, deltas of Mahanadi etc.
Types of Soil in India – Saline and Alkaline Soils
5
Theses also called as Reh, Usar, Kallar, Rakar, Thur and Chopan. These are mainly found in Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Maharashtra. Sodium chloride and sodium sulphate are present in this soil. It is suitable for leguminous crops.