Question

write in detail the factors affecting width and intensity of spectral line

Answer 1

Hi
The intensity of spectral lines
depends on:
• the transition probability
between the two states
(selection rules)
• population of states
• in absorption, the sample path length l
and concentration c (Beer-Lambert law)
Rotational spectroscopy:
The rotation of molecules

Answer 2

Factors affecting the intensity of spectral lines include the amount of sample, the population of energy states, and the rotation of molecules.

Explanation:

Factors affecting width and intensity of spectral lines include-

1. Amount of sample-

spectrum has its own intensity and these lines will be affected by the amount of sample through which light passes through.

The intensity of lines gets affected by the amount of the sample through

The intensity of the transmitted light will depend on the sample, its concentration, and the path of the lines.

Beer-Lambert Law

2. Population of energy states -

The system will undergo a transition from ground level to the first level

Boltzmann Distribution

3. Spectroscopic selection rules -

This rule states that potential transitions are allowed and they are forbidden also.

In all spectroscopy selection rules are applicable.

In all transitions, the energy conservation rule is obeyed.

Not all transitions are allowed even though energy conservation is obeyed.