Question

write industrial uses of water

Answer 1

Water use is the amount of water used by a household or a country, or the amount used for a given task or for the production of a given quantity of some product or crop, or the amount allocated for a particular purpose.

Globally, of precipitation falling on land each year (about 117,000 km3 (28,000 cu mi)),about 4 percent is used by rain-fed agriculture and about half is subject to evaporation and transpiration in forests and other natural or quasi-natural landscapes.The remainder, which goes to groundwaterreplenishment and surface runoff, is sometimes called “total actual renewable freshwater resources”. Its magnitude was recently estimated at 52,579 km3(12,614 cu mi)/year.

Answer 2

• Water is required for manufacturing processes and this demand often competes with domestic and agricultural uses. This needs to be taken into account as this conflict is on the increase . The challenge areas that industrial use face are recycling of water and control of pollution.
• What is available to a regional or a village does not only depends on the inflow but also on what is already available as 'stock' that we use. We often have to keep this distinction between stock and flow clear in our analysis. For example, imagine a tank that is constantly being filled by an inlet pipe and water is also constantly used by an outlet pipe. We can measure the inflow as the amount of water litres/ minutes and the outflow similarly as the water litres/min that flows out. The amount of water in the tank keep varying but at the tank keep varying but at any one moment in time, say at 8:30 am, we can measure the amount in litres.This is the stock of water at that time.
• A village may have tanks ,ponds, lakes,as surface storages. They are dependent on ground water storage . These inflows and storage are connected. While some of the water flowing in is used directly, one part of this is recharging or replenishing the storage. Similarly, the uses of tube wells draws water from storage and lowers the water available in them. Depending on comparative rates of inflow and outflow,we can judge what is happening to the stocks of water over many years. The question that we face today is the depletion of ground water storage and a tendency not to care about the availability for further generations.
• The annual flows and stocks that recharge wells and tube wells is the water that is available for use . We should keep our needs in this range. When we dig into deeper aquifers- this is like mining water that has collected over thousands of years. This is to be done only in extreme drought situation and replenished in good rainfall years.
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