Question

Write limitations of the second law of thermodynamics.

Answer 1

It refers to the behavior of large systems, so it can’t be reduced. There is no law in particle physics that suggests it. Only probabilities.

Is like stating that is a law that in a group of 200 people at least two of them share birthdays, but not being able to show a correlation between their birthdays.

Is like a really powerful rule of thumb. Kind of like saying that if you choose a random number between 0 and 10^999999 it will never have one digit. Is true for almost all cases, but not for all.

If you have to bodies at different temperatures, there is still a very small probability that heat will flow from the cold one to the hot one. This is true because heat is a transference of the kinetic energy of the molecules. It may be the case that the collisions happen in such a way that the law is broken.