write mendel's law of inheritance based on monohybrid and dihybrid cross.
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Monohybrid Inheritance:
Here, Mendel crossed one tall and short pea plant and a tall plant was formed. He called this as first generation (F1) and offsprings were called F1 progeny. Again, he obtained the second generation by crossing F1 progeny with parent plants. This resulted in both tall and short plants in the ratio of 3:1. Mendel observed that traits which were absent in F1 generation had reappeared in F2 generation. He called such suppressed traits as recessive traits and expressed traits as dominant traits. These observations led to the formulation of law of segregation and law of dominance.
Dihybrid Inheritance:
Mendel took two contradicting traits together for crossing i.e. color and shape of seeds. He chose a round yellow seed and a wrinkled green seed and crossed them. He obtained only round yellow seeds in the F1 generation. Then, F1 progeny was self-pollinated which gave four different combinations of seeds i.e. round-yellow, wrinkled-yellow, round green and wrinkled green seeds in F2 generation. Thus he concluded that characters are distributed independently and inherited independently. Based on this observation he developed his third law- Law of independent assortment.
Here, Mendel crossed one tall and short pea plant and a tall plant was formed. He called this as first generation (F1) and offsprings were called F1 progeny. Again, he obtained the second generation by crossing F1 progeny with parent plants. This resulted in both tall and short plants in the ratio of 3:1. Mendel observed that traits which were absent in F1 generation had reappeared in F2 generation. He called such suppressed traits as recessive traits and expressed traits as dominant traits. These observations led to the formulation of law of segregation and law of dominance.
Dihybrid Inheritance:
Mendel took two contradicting traits together for crossing i.e. color and shape of seeds. He chose a round yellow seed and a wrinkled green seed and crossed them. He obtained only round yellow seeds in the F1 generation. Then, F1 progeny was self-pollinated which gave four different combinations of seeds i.e. round-yellow, wrinkled-yellow, round green and wrinkled green seeds in F2 generation. Thus he concluded that characters are distributed independently and inherited independently. Based on this observation he developed his third law- Law of independent assortment.
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This cross is based on the first law of genetics i.e Law of Segregation. Amonohybrid cross is a mating between two organisms with different variations at one genetic chromosome of interest. The character(s) being studied in a monohybrid cross are governed by two or multiple variations for a single locus.
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