Question

write note on reproduction in lower and higher plants ​

Answer 1

Question:

Write note on reproduction in lower and higher plants?

Answer:

Introduction :-

Reproduction : - Reproduction is the production of young ones like parents.

Two categories of Reproduction :-

1) Asexual Reproduction 2) Sexual Reproduction

1.1 Asexual Reproduction

Definition : It is the process resulting in the production of genetically identical progeny from a single organism and inherits the genes of the parent.

Clones : Morphologically and genetically identical individuals.

Different Modes a Asexual Reproduction : -

1) Fragmentation : - When multicellular organisms break into fragments, these fragments grow into new individuals.

Example - Spirogyra

2) Budding : - This mode of reproduction occurs by producing one or more outgrowths (buds) from the parent body. These buds on seperation develop into new individual.

Example - Yeast

3) Spore Formation : Reproduction that occurs by flagellated, motile zoospores which can grow independently into new individuals.

Example : Chlamydomonas .

Other methods of Asexual Reproduction

Binary Fission - Amoeba, Paramoecium

Conidia Formation - Penicillium

Gemmules Formation - Sponges

VEGETATIVE REPRODUCTION

This mode of reproduction occurs in plants through their vegetative parts.

New plants formed are genetically identical to their parents.

Artificial Methods of Reproduction in Plants :

A. Cutting :

The small piece of any vegetative part of a plant having one or more buds is used for propagation.

Stem cutting - Rose, Bougainvillea , Leaf Cutting - Sansvieria , Root Cutting - Blackberry

B. Grafting :

Here parts of two plants are joined in such a way that they grow as one plant.

Process : Part of stem containing more than one bud (Scion) is joined onto a rooted plant called stock, is called Grafting.

When only one bud is joined on the stock , it is called bud grafting.

Eg: Apple, pear, rose, etc.

C. Tissue culture :

In this method a small amount of plant tissue is carefully grown to give many plant lets.

Micropropagation method is also used now a days.

Explanation:

Hope this answer will help you.