Question

Write notes
on rural unemployment
and urban unemployement​

Answer 1

There are two types of unemployment in India viz. Rural Unemployment and Urban Unemployment

Rural Unemployment

Around 70 per cent of India’s population lives in villages. Agriculture is the single largest source of their livelihood. Agriculture suffers from a number of problems like dependence upon rainfall, financial constraints, obsolete techniques, etc. Rural unemployment can be of following three types viz. open, seasonal and disguised.

Open Unemployment

In the agricultural sector, there are large numbers of landless workers who are openly looking for work. Open unemployment or chronic unemployment is a situation where a large number of labour force does not get work opportunities which will get them regular income.

Seasonal Unemployment

In India, we have mostly unirrigated land which is capable of giving only one crop a year. Our farmers remain unemployed from 3-8 months a year. They have not tried to find any alternative occupation for themselves in this period like road building, brick making, house construction, digging wells, etc. Out of laziness our farmers fail to utilise their spare time, i.e., there is widespread seasonal unemployment.

Disguised Unemployment

In India, there is too much pressure of population on land. As a result, productivity per person falls. Disguised unemployment is a situation where workers are apparently employed but their marginal productivity is zero or negative.

Urban Unemployment

Urban Unemployment is mainly of three types viz. Industrial Unemployment; Educated Unemployment and Technological Unemployment

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Answer 2

Answer:

Therefore agriculture is often criticised as a wasteful water user, especially in water scarce areas. Drip irrigation is widely recognised as the most efficient irrigation technique and often portrayed as the best solution to increase agricultural production whilst reducing the demand for water.

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