Write on the governor's rule on the area of Awadh, Bengal and Hyderabad those who are appointed by the Mughal administration.
Answers
Answer:
- II
Old Mughal Provinces
Hyderabad
Nizamul-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah, the founder of the Hyderabad State, was a powerful courtier in the court of the Mughal Emperor Farrukh Siyar.
He was first entrusted with the province of Awadh and later given the charge of Deccan. But he soon took over all the financial and political administration of Deccan and became its independent ruler.
He brought skilled soldiers and administrators from the north, made them mansabdars, and gave them jagirs.
Under his rule, the Mughal emperor in Delhi was a nominal head who only gave confirmations to the decisions made by the Nizam.
Hyderabad State was in constant struggle with the Marathas in the west and the nayakas (Telegu warrior chiefs). And the Nizam's ambition to control the rich textile-producing areas on the Coromandel coast were destroyed by the British who were growing in power.
Awadh
Burhan-ul-Mulk Saa'dat Khan was appointed as the chief of Awadh in 1722, and he founded the state of Awadh. It was the first region to break away from the Mughal Empire.
Awadh was a prosperous region because it controlled the fertile Ganga valley and the busy trade routes from Delhi to Bengal.
Burhan-ul-Mulk combined the subadari, diwani, and the faujdari, and he also reduced the number of officers appointed by the Mughals. This reduced the Mughal influence in Awadh.
He reduced the number of jagirs, and maintained accounts of the jagirdars to stop cheating and corruption.
He also seized a number of Rajput jagirs and the fertile lands owned by the Afghans of Rohilkhand.
The state at that time depended on ijaradars (mahajans or local revenue bankers who were sold rights to collect revenue from the people).
This system allowed rich people such as money-lenders and bankers to influence the management of money in the state.
Bengal
Murshid Quli Khan founded the state of Bengal. He was initially appointed as the naib or the deputy to the governor, but just like many other subadars, he soon seized power and came to control the revenue system in Bengal.
He transferred all Mughal jagirdars to Orissa and re-assessed the revenue system of the region.
Revenue was forcefully collected in cash from all zamindars, and if they could not pay it then they had to sell their land to bigger zamindars or borrow money from bankers and local money-lenders.
Under the rule of Alivardi Khan in Bengal, the banking house of Jagat Seth became very prosperous.
Similarities Between the New States of Hyderabad, Awadh, and Bengal
Mughal nobles detested the administrative systems they inherited, such as the jagirdari system.
The collection of taxes was now the responsibility of the revenue farmers also known as ijaradars.
A new relationship developed between the nawabs and the bankers, creating a financial system that relied heavily on lending money and increased the prosperity of many banking houses