Question

write one major reason that forced the British to relocate their capital from Calcutta to New Delhi in 1911

Answer 1

The reason behind the shift the capital from Calcutta to Delhi was the rising opposition to the British rule that raised its head in Calcutta. The movement to get self-rule for India had become violent by this time & the British government was facing the heat of this movement that was most vociferous in Calcutta. To weaken this movement of self-rule, the British government had divided Calcutta into two parts, East Bengal and West Bengal, in the year 1905.

Hope this helps you

Answer 2

One of the main reasons for the British to shift their capital from the city of Calcutta to Delhi in 1911 was perhaps a result of one of the most despicable and horrendous act to disarm the communal harmony and the growing outreach of the Indian National Congress. The partition of Bengal was not just meant to divide and rule, but was also directed towards curbing the leadership of outspoken middle class bengali intellectuals and their growing popularity in the mass struggle of independence against British raj. This marked a series of revolution and protests which included people from all sections of the society, especially the student class who participated and enriched the protests with literature and songs and public meetings. This threatened the power and dominance of the British Raj in it's own capital city,  thus the decision to transfer its capital to Delhi was inevitable because they needed a strong base to rule and they cannot be threatened every now and then.