Write properties of acids and bases
Answers
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Acids:
==> Acids change the colour of litmus from blue to red.
==> They convert the colour of Methyl Orange from Orange/Yellow to Pink.
==> Acids turn the pink colour of Phenolphthalein to colourless.
==> Acids can conduct electricity.
==> Some Acids are highly corrosive in nature which means that they corrode or rust metals.
==> Acids tend to evolve hydrogen gas whilst reacting with an active metal such as Zn, Mg, etc.
==> They produce H+ ions when mixed with water.
==> Acids lose their acidity when mixed with a base.
==> When equal amounts of acid and base are combined the process of neutralization occurs and salt and water is formed,
==> The pH value of acid is from 0-6. Learn the concept of pH value here.
==> Acids are sour in taste.
==> Acids react with carbonates and hydrogen carbonates to form a salt, water, and carbon dioxide gas.
==> Extremely active metals such as Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Sodium (Na), etc tend to explode when combined with acids.
==> Weak Acids like Carbonic Acid doesn’t act with any metal at all.
==> Nitric Acids doesn’t usually exhibit acidic properties, it exhibits oxidizing properties instead.
==> Metals that generally react with dilute acid to form salt and hydrogen are the metals which lie above hydrogen in the metal activity series.
==> Acids form a salt, water and sulphur dioxide while reacting with sulphites and bisulphites.
Bases:
==> Bases change the colour of litmus from red to blue.
==> They are bitter in taste.
==> Bases lose their basicity when mixed with acids.
==> Bases react with acids to form salt and water. This process is called Neutralisation Reaction(Read).
==> They can conduct electricity.
==> Bases feel slippery or soapy.
==> Some bases are great conductors of electricity.
==> Bases like sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc are used as electrolytes.
==> Alkalis are bases that produce hydroxyl ions (OH-) when mixed with water.
==> Strong alkalis are highly corrosive in nature whereas other alkalis are mildly corrosive.
==> The pH value of bases ranges from 8-14.
==> Alkalis and ammonium salts produce ammonia.
==> Hydrogen gas is evolved when metals react with a base.
==> Bases are classified on the basis of strength, concentration and acidity.
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They are liquids.
They are solutions of compounds in water.
If concentrated they can be corrosive.
Acids taste sour (for example, vinegar).
Turn blue litmus paper red - this is an easy test for an acid!Usually react with metals to form salts.
Acids contain hydrogen ions.
Properties of bases
Bases taste bitter, feel slippery, and conduct electricity when dissolved in water. Indicator compounds such as litmus can be used to detect bases. Bases turn red litmus paper blue. The strength of bases is measured on the pH scale.