Question

Write short notes on Gabriel phthalimide synthesis.

Answer 1

Gabriel phthalimide synthesis is a very useful method for the preparation of aliphatic primary amines. It involves the treatment of phthalimide with ethanolic potassium hydroxide to form potassium salt of phthalimide. This salt is further heated with alkyl halide, followed by alkaline hydrolysis to yield the corresponding primary amine.

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Answer 2

Answer:

✔Aromatic amines cannot be prepared by Gabriel Phthalimide synthesis reaction because aryl halides do not undergo nucleophilic substitution with the anion formed by phthalimide.

✔It is used for the preparation of primary aliphatic amines.

✔Phthalimide on treatment with ethanolic potassium hydroxide forms potassium salt of phthalimide which on heating with alkyl halide followed by alkaline hydrolysis produces the corresponding primary amine.